政治观点在西方语言之间是否转移？对未对齐和对齐的多语言大语言模型的分析
Do Political Opinions Transfer Between Western Languages? An Analysis of Unaligned and Aligned Multilingual LLMs
AI总结：
研究探讨多语言大语言模型在五种西方语言中政治观点的转移情况，发现对齐前模型观点差异小，对齐后观点在各语言间均匀转移。
摘要：
公共意见调查显示，社会文化背景之间在政治观点上存在跨文化差异。然而，目前尚无明确证据表明这些差异会转化为多语言大语言模型（MLLMs）中的跨语言差异。我们分析了不同大小的多语言大语言模型在五种西方语言中是否在语言之间转移观点，或者是否每种语言都有独立的观点。我们通过提示这些模型报告对政治声明的（不）同意来评估MLLMs的观点。为了更好地理解模型中语言之间的相互作用，我们使用直接偏好优化和仅使用英语对齐数据，在对齐前和对齐后评估它们。我们的发现表明，未对齐的模型在所反映的政治观点中仅显示非常有限的跨语言差异。政治对齐几乎在所有五种语言中均匀地转移观点。我们得出结论，在西方语言背景下，政治观点在语言之间转移，展示了在多语言大模型中实现显式社会语言学、文化和政治对齐的挑战。
英文摘要：
Public opinion surveys show cross-cultural differences in political opinions between socio-cultural contexts. However, there is no clear evidence whether these differences translate to cross-lingual differences in multilingual large language models (MLLMs). We analyze whether opinions transfer between languages or whether there are separate opinions for each language in MLLMs of various sizes across five Western languages. We evaluate MLLMs' opinions by prompting them to report their (dis)agreement with political statements from voting advice applications. To better understand the interaction between languages in the models, we evaluate them both before and after aligning them with more left or right views using direct preference optimization and English alignment data only. Our findings reveal that unaligned models show only very few significant cross-lingual differences in the political opinions they reflect. The political alignment shifts opinions almost uniformly across all five languages. We conclude that in Western language contexts, political opinions transfer between languages, demonstrating the challenges in achieving explicit socio-linguistic, cultural, and political alignment of MLLMs.
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