arXiv 2507.096132025-07cs.NIcs.ITeess.SPmath.IT

Wi-Fi：二十五年与未来

Wi-Fi: Twenty-Five Years and Counting

Nokia Standards（诺基亚标准）；Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain（庞培法布拉大学）；Northeastern University, USA（东北大学）；University of Padova, Italy（帕多瓦大学）；Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain（巴伦西亚理工大学）；MaxLinear, Spain（迈思线性）；Nokia Bell Labs, Germany（诺基亚贝尔实验室）；Intel Corporation, USA（英特尔公司）；University of Notre Dame, USA（圣母大学）；Rice University, USA（莱斯大学）

Giovanni Geraci, Francesca Meneghello, Francesc Wilhelmi, David Lopez-Perez, Iñaki Val, Lorenzo Galati Giordano, Carlos Cordeiro, Monisha Ghosh, Edward Knightly, Boris Bellalta

备注：: 42 pages, 28 figures, 3 tables

阅读 PDF

arXiv 页面 ↗HTML 原文 ↗

AI总结：

本文全面回顾了Wi-Fi从IEEE 802.11b到IEEE 802.11bn的发展历程，探讨了频谱分配、物理层改进、多用户接入、节能机制及频段聚合等关键技术。

摘要：

如今，Wi-Fi已经超过了25年。尽管共享相同的品牌名称，今天的Wi-Fi却拥有完全新的能力，这些能力在25年前的路线上甚至没有出现。本文旨在提供一个全面且详尽的技术和历史教程，从IEEE 802.11b（Wi-Fi 1）开始，展望到IEEE 802.11bn（Wi-Fi 8）。这是第一篇涵盖这八代的教程文章。与其逐一代际地讲解，我们描述了推动Wi-Fi发展的关键机制。我们首先讨论频谱分配和共存，并详细说明IEEE 802.11标准化周期。第二，我们概述了物理层，并描述了使数据速率提升超过1000倍的关键元素。第三，我们描述了Wi-Fi介质访问控制如何从原始的分布式协调功能发展到如今涵盖从帧聚合到宽带频谱接入的能力。第四，我们描述了Wi-Fi 5如何首次打破一对一的用户模式，引入多用户访问。第五，鉴于移动、电池供电设备的日益普及，我们描述了Wi-Fi在各代中的节能机制。第六，我们讨论了Wi-Fi如何增强在2.4 GHz、5 GHz和6 GHz频段之间无缝聚合频谱，以提高吞吐量、可靠性和延迟。最后，我们描述了Wi-Fi如何使附近的接入点协调以提高性能和效率。在附录中，我们进一步讨论了Wi-Fi在802.11bn之后的发展，包括集成毫米波操作、感知、安全和隐私扩展，以及AI/ML的采用。

英文摘要：

Today, Wi-Fi is over 25 years old. Yet, despite sharing the same branding name, today's Wi-Fi boasts entirely new capabilities that were not even on the roadmap 25 years ago. This article aims to provide a holistic and comprehensive technical and historical tutorial on Wi-Fi, beginning with IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi 1) and looking forward to IEEE 802.11bn (Wi-Fi 8). This is the first tutorial article to span these eight generations. Rather than a generation-by-generation exposition, we describe the key mechanisms that have advanced Wi-Fi. We begin by discussing spectrum allocation and coexistence, and detailing the IEEE 802.11 standardization cycle. Second, we provide an overview of the physical layer and describe key elements that have enabled data rates to increase by over 1,000x. Third, we describe how Wi-Fi Medium Access Control has been enhanced from the original Distributed Coordination Function to now include capabilities spanning from frame aggregation to wideband spectrum access. Fourth, we describe how Wi-Fi 5 first broke the one-user-at-a-time paradigm and introduced multi-user access. Fifth, given the increasing use of mobile, battery-powered devices, we describe Wi-Fi's energy-saving mechanisms over the generations. Sixth, we discuss how Wi-Fi was enhanced to seamlessly aggregate spectrum across 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands to improve throughput, reliability, and latency. Finally, we describe how Wi-Fi enables nearby Access Points to coordinate in order to improve performance and efficiency. In the Appendix, we further discuss Wi-Fi developments beyond 802.11bn, including integrated mmWave operations, sensing, security and privacy extensions, and the adoption of AI/ML.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。