高精度非对称黑洞碰撞模拟及有效一体模型的交叉验证
Highly accurate simulations of asymmetric black-hole scattering and cross validation of effective-one-body models
AI总结：
本研究通过高精度数值相对论模拟，首次测量了非对称引力波发射导致的散射角差异，并验证了有效一一体模型的准确性。
摘要：
研究不受束缚的双黑洞相遇提供了一个协变不变的方法来探索强场引力相互作用，在两个体系统中可以随后用于有界轨道的波形模型。在本工作中，我们展示了60个新的高精度数值广义相对论（NR）模拟，这些模拟使用Spectral Einstein Code（SpEC）生成。我们的模拟包括14个自旋对齐配置，以及16个质量不等的配置，质量比最高达到10。我们进行了首次直接比较不同NR代码计算的散射角度，发现有良好的一致性。我们将NR散射角度结果与基于后闵可夫斯基（PM）的高效一一体（EOB）闭合形式模型SEOB-PM和$w_{\rm EOB}$进行比较，发现除了接近散射捕获分隔面附近外，偏差小于5%。与基于后牛顿的EOB演化模型SEOBNRv5和TEOBResumS-Dalí的比较显示，前者在大多数参数范围内与非自旋NR结果的吻合度在8%以内，而后者在较低能量下表现相似，但在较高能量下显著偏离。两种演化EOB模型在自旋系统中表现出更大的偏差，预测捕获分隔面的位置与NR不同。我们的关键结果是首次测量NR模拟中由于非对称引力波发射导致的散射角度差异。我们将这些结果与为计算非对称系统中单个黑洞散射角度而构建的SEOB-PM模型进行比较。
英文摘要：
The study of unbound binary-black-hole encounters provides a gauge-invariant approach to exploring strong-field gravitational interactions in two-body systems, which can subsequently inform waveform models for bound orbits. In this work, we present 60 new highly accurate numerical relativity (NR) simulations of black-hole scattering, generated using the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC). Our simulations include 14 spin-aligned configurations, as well as 16 configurations with unequal masses, up to a mass ratio of 10. We perform the first direct comparison of scattering angles computed using different NR codes, finding good agreement. We compare our NR scattering angle results to the post-Minkowskian (PM)-based effective-one-body (EOB) closed-form models SEOB-PM and $w_{\rm EOB}$, finding less than 5% deviation except near the scatter-capture separatrix. Comparisons with the post-Newtonian-based EOB evolution models SEOBNRv5 and TEOBResumS-Dalí reveal that the former agrees within 8% accuracy with non-spinning NR results across most parameter ranges, whereas the latter matches similarly at lower energies but diverges significantly at higher energies. Both evolution EOB models exhibit increased deviations for spinning systems, predicting a notably different location of the capture separatrix compared to NR. Our key result is the first measurement of disparate scattering angles from NR simulations due to asymmetric gravitational-wave emission. We compare these results to SEOB-PM models constructed to calculate the scattering angle of a single black hole in asymmetric systems.
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