裂变与聚变能源计算科学的现状
The State of Computational Science in Fission and Fusion Energy
AI总结：
2024年对103位计算科学家的调查揭示了裂变与聚变能源领域软件工具向现代语言、开源和模块化转变的趋势，预示核工程代码的未来将更注重多物理场、模块化和组织优先级。
摘要：
用于工程设计的工具与实际被设计的对象同样重要。事实上，在许多情况下，工具确实能决定什么是可工程的。在聚变和裂变能源工程中，软件已成为设计的主导工具。因此，在2024年，我们首次询问了103位开发聚变和裂变能源所用代码的计算科学家，了解他们试图用代码解决的问题、可用的解决工具，以及使用这些工具的端到端开发者体验。结果揭示了聚变和裂变软件工具的变化趋势，越来越多的计算科学家倾向于现代编程语言、开源代码和模块化软件。这些趋势让我们得以一窥核工程未来5到10年的发展。由于大多数受访者来自美国国家实验室和大学，这些结果暗示了该行业最前沿的趋势。这些洞察表明，计算科学正急剧转向多物理场代码，FORTRAN的使用量下降，转而青睐Python和C++等更现代的语言，代码开发预算不断攀升，有时单个组织的预算高达5000万美元。我们的调查描绘了核工程代码的未来：本质上是模块化的，计算量较小，且越来越受到组织的重视。我们的结果以网页形式在线提供。
英文摘要：
The tools used to engineer something are just as important as the thing that is actually being engineered. In fact, in many cases, the tools can indeed determine what is engineerable. In fusion and fission1 energy engineering, software has become the dominant tool for design. For that reason, in 2024, for the first time ever, we asked 103 computational scientists developing the codes used in fusion and fission energy about the problems they are attempting to solve with their codes, the tools available to them to solve them, and their end to end developer experience with said tools. The results revealed a changing tide in software tools in fusion and fission, with more and more computational scientists preferring modern programming languages, open-source codes, and modular software. These trends represent a peek into what will happen 5 to 10 years in the future of nuclear engineering. Since the majority of our respondents belonged to US national labs and universities, these results hint at the most cutting-edge trends in the industry. The insights included in the State of Computational Science in Fission and Fusion Energy indicate a dramatic shift toward multiphysics codes, a drop-off in the use of FORTRAN in favor of more modern languages like Python and C++, and ever-rising budgets for code development, at times reaching $50M in a single organization. Our survey paints a future of nuclear engineering codes that is modular in nature, small in terms of compute, and increasingly prioritized by organizations. Access to our results in web form are available online.
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