mmFlux：使用商用毫米波 MIMO 雷达的人群流动分析
mmFlux: Crowd Flow Analytics with Commodity mmWave MIMO Radar
AI总结：
本文提出 mmFlux 框架，利用商用毫米波雷达生成人群流场并构建有向几何图，结合 Jacobian、旋度与散度分析，实现复杂人群运动结构重建及语义推断。
摘要：
本文提出 mmFlux，这是一个利用毫米波雷达提取潜在人群运动模式并推断人群语义的新颖框架。首先，我们提出的信号处理流程将来自视觉的光流估计概念与新颖的统计及形态学噪声滤波相结合。该方法生成高保真毫米波流场——人群运动的紧凑二维矢量表示。随后，我们引入一种新颖方法，将这些流场转换为有向几何图。在这些图中，边捕捉主导流动流，顶点标记人群分流或合流，并且流动分布沿各边被量化。最后，我们表明，分析局部 Jacobian 并计算相应的旋度和散度，能够为结构化人群和扩散人群提取关键人群语义。我们使用商用毫米波雷达，在 3 个区域中对最多 20 人的人群开展了 21 项实验。即使面对复杂人群模式，我们的框架仍实现了对潜在流动结构的高保真图重建，展现出强空间对齐以及对流分比例的精确定量表征。最后，我们的旋度和散度分析准确推断出关键人群语义，例如急转、流动方向改变的边界、分散和聚集。总体而言，这些发现验证了 mmFlux，并强调了其在各类人群分析应用中的潜力。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we present mmFlux: a novel framework for extracting underlying crowd motion patterns and inferring crowd semantics using mmWave radar. First, our proposed signal processing pipeline combines optical flow estimation concepts from vision with novel statistical and morphological noise filtering. This approach generates high-fidelity mmWave flow fields-compact 2D vector representations of crowd motion. We then introduce a novel approach that transforms these fields into directed geometric graphs. In these graphs, edges capture dominant flow currents, vertices mark crowd splitting or merging, and flow distribution is quantified across edges. Finally, we show that analyzing the local Jacobian and computing the corresponding curl and divergence enables extraction of key crowd semantics for both structured and diffused crowds. We conduct 21 experiments on crowds of up to 20 people across 3 areas, using commodity mmWave radar. Our framework achieves high-fidelity graph reconstruction of the underlying flow structure, even for complex crowd patterns, demonstrating strong spatial alignment and precise quantitative characterization of flow split ratios. Finally, our curl and divergence analysis accurately infers key crowd semantics, e.g., abrupt turns, boundaries where flow directions shift, dispersions, and gatherings. Overall, these findings validate mmFlux, underscoring its potential for various crowd analytics applications.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
