生态系统作为自适应生命电路
Ecosystems as adaptive living circuits
AI总结：
本文提出了一个生命电路框架，以生态系统为模型研究自适应系统，发现生命电路在超过临界驱动电势时会发生从平衡态死亡到非平衡耗散态的相变，并通过局部自适应规则实现接近最大的耗散。
摘要：
与许多物理非平衡系统不同，在生物系统中，与外部能源的耦合并非一个固定参数，而是由系统自身进行自适应控制。我们目前尚无能够容纳这种自适应性的理论框架。因此，我们无法理解结构形成与非平衡驱动共同演化的生命系统中的涌现行为。在此，以生态系统作为自适应系统的模型，我们开发了一个生命电路框架，其架构会随着每条电路边耗散的能量自适应地变化。我们发现，与传统的非平衡系统不同，生命电路在超过临界驱动电势时，会经历从平衡态死亡到非平衡耗散态的相变。这种转变通过一种反馈机制产生，该机制通过将耗散路由至最弱的边来拯救它们，尽管自适应规则在局部奖励耗散最强的边。尽管缺乏任何全局优化原则，生命电路仍实现了接近最大的耗散，并且更高的驱动会促进更复杂的电路。我们的工作将生态系统确立为生命电路的典型范例，其结构和耗散通过局部自适应规则进行调节。
英文摘要：
Unlike many physical nonequilibrium systems, in biological systems, the coupling to external energy sources is not a fixed parameter but adaptively controlled by the system itself. We do not have theoretical frameworks that allow for such adaptability. As a result, we cannot understand emergent behavior in living systems where structure formation and non-equilibrium drive coevolve. Here, using ecosystems as a model of adaptive systems, we develop a framework of living circuits whose architecture changes adaptively with the energy dissipated in each circuit edge. We find that unlike traditional nonequilibrium systems, living circuits exhibit a phase transition from equilibrium death to a nonequilibrium dissipative state beyond a critical driving potential. This transition emerges through a feedback mechanism that saves the weakest edges by routing dissipation through them, even though the adaptive rule locally rewards the strongest dissipating edges. Despite lacking any global optimization principle, living circuits achieve near-maximal dissipation, with higher drive promoting more complex circuits. Our work establishes ecosystems as paradigmatic examples of living circuits whose structure and dissipation are tuned through local adaptive rules.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
