活细胞内功能性微结构的双光子3D打印
Two-photon 3D printing of functional microstructures inside living cells
AI总结：
该研究首次通过双光子聚合在活细胞内直接打印定制聚合物微结构，实现亚微米分辨率，并展示细胞追踪、远程读出和微激光等功能。
摘要：
3D打印已经革新了众多科学领域和产业，而在生物系统中进行打印正成为一个快速发展的研究方向。然而，其在亚细胞尺度上的应用在很大程度上仍未被探索。在此，我们首次展示了利用双光子聚合技术直接在活细胞内部制造定制形状聚合物微结构。将一种具有生物相容性的光刻胶注入活细胞，并用飞秒激光对其进行选择性聚合。未聚合的光刻胶在细胞质内自然溶解，从而在活细胞中留下具有亚微米分辨率的稳定细胞内结构。我们打印了多种形状，包括一个10 μm的大象、用于细胞追踪的条形码、用于远程读出的衍射光栅以及微型激光器。我们这种自上而下的细胞内生物制造方法与现有的功能性光刻胶相结合，可为多种应用开辟新途径，包括细胞内传感、生物力学操控、生物电子学和靶向细胞内药物递送。此外，这些嵌入结构还能提供对细胞内环境前所未有的控制，从而实现对超越自然界中已有细胞特性的工程化设计。
英文摘要：
3D printing has revolutionized numerous scientific fields and industries, with printing in biological systems emerging as a rapidly advancing area of research. However, its application to the subcellular level remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the fabrication of custom-shaped polymeric microstructures directly inside living cells using two-photon polymerization. A biocompatible photoresist is injected into live cells and selectively polymerized with a femtosecond laser. The unpolymerized photoresist is dissolved naturally within the cytoplasm, leaving behind stable intracellular structures with submicron resolution within live cells. We printed various shapes, including a $10 μm$ elephant, barcodes for cell tracking, diffraction gratings for remote readout, and microlasers. Our top-down intracellular biofabrication approach, combined with existing functional photoresists, could open new avenues for various applications, including intracellular sensing, biomechanical manipulation, bioelectronics, and targeted intracellular drug delivery. Moreover, these embedded structures could offer unprecedented control over the intracellular environment, enabling the engineering of cellular properties beyond those found in nature.
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