We present a novel active learning framework for 3D point cloud semantic segmentation that, for the first time, integrates large language models (LLMs) to construct hierarchical label structures and guide uncertainty-based sample selection. Unlike prior methods that treat labels as flat and independent, our approach leverages LLM prompting to automatically generate multi-level semantic taxonomies and introduces a recursive uncertainty projection mechanism that propagates uncertainty across hierarchy levels. This enables spatially diverse, label-aware point selection that respects the inherent semantic structure of 3D scenes. Experiments on S3DIS and ScanNet v2 show that our method achieves up to 4% mIoU improvement under extremely low annotation budgets (e.g., 0.02%), substantially outperforming existing baselines. Our results highlight the untapped potential of LLMs as knowledge priors in 3D vision and establish hierarchical uncertainty modeling as a powerful paradigm for efficient point cloud annotation.
TreeGaussian: Tree-Guided Cascaded Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Consistent 3D Gaussian Scene Segmentation and Understanding
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）
TaxoMIL: Taxonomy-Constrained Learning for Hierarchical Whole Slide Image Analysis
School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University（韩国大学电气工程学院）；Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine（韩国天主教大学医学院医院病理学系）
HTT-Net: Hierarchical Text-guided Transition Modeling for Surgical Video Phase Recognition
School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学信息科学技术学院）；Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University（首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院普通外科）；Chinese PLA General Hospital（中国人民解放军总医院）
GHR-VQA: Graph-guided Hierarchical Relational Reasoning for Video Question Answering
School of ECE National Technical University of Athens（国家技术大学雅典电子工程学院）；Robotics Institute Athena Research Center（雅典研究中心机器人研究所）；University of Luxembourg（卢森堡大学）
Prior-guided Hierarchical Harmonization Network for Efficient Image Dehazing
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Westlake University（西湖大学）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；École des Ponts（巴黎路桥学院）；EDF R&D（法国电力公司研发中心）；Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital（皇家布朗普顿和 Harefield 医院）；Tongji University（同济大学）
