生成式人工智能与创造力：系统文献综述与元分析
Generative AI and Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
AI总结：
通过元分析评估生成式AI对创造性任务表现的影响，发现GenAI与人类创造力无显著差异，但能显著增强人类创造力，同时会降低想法多样性，总体定位为支持而非替代人类创造力的增强工具。
摘要：
生成式人工智能（GenAI）正日益被用于支持广泛的人类任务，然而关于其对创造力影响的实证证据仍然零散。GenAI 能否生成具有创造性的想法？它在多大程度上能够支持人类生成既具创造性又多样化的想法？在本研究中，我们进行了一项元分析，以评估 GenAI 对创造性任务表现的影响。为此，我们首先进行了系统性文献检索，基于此确定了 n=28 项相关研究（m=8214 名参与者）纳入我们的元分析。随后，我们基于 Hedges' g 计算了标准化效应量。我们比较了不同的结果：（i）GenAI 自身的创造性程度；（ii）由 GenAI 增强的人类创造性程度；以及（iii）由 GenAI 增强的人类想法的多样性。我们的结果显示，GenAI 与人类在创造性表现上没有显著差异（g=-0.05），而与 GenAI 协作的人类显著优于无辅助工作的人类（g=0.27）。然而，对于人类与 GenAI 之间的此类协作，GenAI 对想法的多样性有显著的负面影响（g=-0.86）。我们进一步分析了不同 GenAI 模型（例如 GPT-3.5、GPT-4）、不同任务（例如创意写作、构思、发散性思维）以及不同参与者群体（例如普通人群、商业界、学术界）之间的异质性。总体而言，我们的结果将 GenAI 定位为一种增强性工具，能够支持而非取代人类创造力——特别是在受益于构思支持的任务中。
英文摘要：
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly used to support a wide range of human tasks, yet empirical evidence on its effect on creativity remains scattered. Can GenAI generate ideas that are creative? To what extent can it support humans in generating ideas that are both creative and diverse? In this study, we conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of GenAI on the performance in creative tasks. For this, we first perform a systematic literature search, based on which we identify n = 28 relevant studies (m = 8214 participants) for inclusion in our meta-analysis. We then compute standardized effect sizes based on Hedges' g. We compare different outcomes: (i) how creative GenAI is; (ii) how creative humans augmented by GenAI are; and (iii) the diversity of ideas by humans augmented by GenAI. Our results show no significant difference in creative performance between GenAI and humans (g = -0.05), while humans collaborating with GenAI significantly outperform those working without assistance (g = 0.27). However, GenAI has a significant negative effect on the diversity of ideas for such collaborations between humans and GenAI (g = -0.86). We further analyze heterogeneity across different GenAI models (e.g., GPT-3.5, GPT-4), different tasks (e.g., creative writing, ideation, divergent thinking), and different participant populations (e.g., laypeople, business, academia). Overall, our results position GenAI as an augmentative tool that can support, rather than replace, human creativity-particularly in tasks benefiting from ideation support.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
