基于注意力的生成式潜在重放:一种用于 WSI 分析的持续学习方法
Attention-based Generative Latent Replay: A Continual Learning Approach for WSI Analysis
AI总结:
针对 WSI 分类中的领域漂移问题,提出 AGLR-CL 框架,利用 GMM 合成表示并结合注意力过滤实现无缓冲、隐私保护的持续学习。
摘要:
全切片图像(WSI)分类已成为计算病理学中的一种强大工具,但仍受到领域漂移的限制,例如由不同器官、疾病或机构特定差异引起的漂移。为应对这一挑战,我们在用于领域增量 WSI 分类的多示例学习(MIL)设置中,提出了一个基于注意力的生成式潜在重放持续学习框架(AGLR-CL)。我们的方法采用高斯混合模型(GMM)合成 WSI 表示和图像块计数分布,从而在不显式存储原始数据的情况下保留对过去领域的知识。一个新颖的基于注意力的过滤步骤聚焦于最显著的图像块嵌入,确保高质量的合成样本。这种具有隐私意识的策略无需重放缓冲区,并且优于其他无缓冲区对应方法,同时达到与基于缓冲区的解决方案相当的性能。我们在多个具有不同中心、器官和患者队列的公开数据集上,针对临床相关的生物标志物检测和分子状态预测验证了 AGLR-CL。实验结果证实了其保留先验知识并适应新领域的能力,为 WSI 分类中的领域增量持续学习提供了一条有效且保护隐私的途径。
英文摘要:
Whole slide image (WSI) classification has emerged as a powerful tool in computational pathology, but remains constrained by domain shifts, e.g., due to different organs, diseases, or institution-specific variations. To address this challenge, we propose an Attention-based Generative Latent Replay Continual Learning framework (AGLR-CL), in a multiple instance learning (MIL) setup for domain incremental WSI classification. Our method employs Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) to synthesize WSI representations and patch count distributions, preserving knowledge of past domains without explicitly storing original data. A novel attention-based filtering step focuses on the most salient patch embeddings, ensuring high-quality synthetic samples. This privacy-aware strategy obviates the need for replay buffers and outperforms other buffer-free counterparts while matching the performance of buffer-based solutions. We validate AGLR-CL on clinically relevant biomarker detection and molecular status prediction across multiple public datasets with diverse centers, organs, and patient cohorts. Experimental results confirm its ability to retain prior knowledge and adapt to new domains, offering an effective, privacy-preserving avenue for domain incremental continual learning in WSI classification.
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