ELVES-Dwarf I：本星系体中八个孤立矮星系的卫星系统
ELVES-Dwarf I: Satellites Systems of Eight Isolated Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Volume
AI总结：
本文介绍ELVES-Dwarf巡天首批结果，对8个孤立矮星系进行卫星搜索并确认6个卫星，发现其多为恒星形成星系，且矮星系区制中不存在“卫星缺失问题”。
摘要：
银河系质量系统的卫星族已被广泛研究，显著推进了我们对星系形成和暗物质物理的理解。相比之下，较低质量矮星系的卫星在很大程度上仍未被探索，尽管等级式结构形成理论预言矮星系应当拥有自己的卫星。我们呈现ELVES-Dwarf巡天的首批结果，该巡天旨在统计表征本星系体（4<D<10 Mpc）中孤立矮星系的卫星族。我们利用Legacy Surveys数据在累积光中识别卫星候选体，并完备至M_g≈-9 mag。随后，我们使用从Hyper Suprime-Cam数据测得的表面亮度涨落距离确认卫星候选体与宿主星系的关联。我们巡天了8个孤立矮星系，其恒星质量范围从亚小麦哲伦云到大麦哲伦云尺度（10^{7.8} < M_*^{host}<10^{9.5} M_⊙），并确认了6个卫星，其恒星质量介于10^{5.6}和10^{8} M_⊙之间。大多数被确认的卫星是恒星形成星系，这与在银河系质量宿主周围观测到的以宁静星系为主的卫星形成对比。通过将观测到的卫星丰度和恒星质量函数与理论预言进行比较，我们发现在矮星系区制中没有“卫星缺失问题”的证据。
英文摘要：
The satellite populations of Milky Way--mass systems have been extensively studied, significantly advancing our understanding of galaxy formation and dark matter physics. In contrast, the satellites of lower-mass dwarf galaxies remain largely unexplored, despite hierarchical structure formation predicting that dwarf galaxies should host their own satellites. We present the first results of the ELVES-Dwarf survey, which aims to statistically characterize the satellite populations of isolated dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume ($4<D<10$~Mpc). We identify satellite candidates in integrated light using the Legacy Surveys data and are complete down to $M_g\approx -9$ mag. We then confirm the association of satellite candidates with host galaxies using surface brightness fluctuation distances measured from the Hyper Suprime-Cam data. We surveyed 8 isolated dwarf galaxies with stellar masses ranging from sub-Small Magellanic Cloud to Large Magellanic Cloud scales ($10^{7.8} < M_\star^{\rm host}<10^{9.5}\, M_\odot$) and confirmed 6 satellites with stellar masses between $10^{5.6}$ and $10^{8} \, M_\odot$. Most confirmed satellites are star-forming, contrasting with the primarily quiescent satellites observed around Milky Way--mass hosts. By comparing observed satellite abundances and stellar mass functions with theoretical predictions, we find no evidence of a "missing satellite problem" in the dwarf galaxy regime.
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