在预先存在的磁场环境中观测原黑子的形成
Observations of the formation of a proto-spot in a pre-existing field environment
AI总结：
本研究通过分析光谱观测数据，探讨了太阳活动区中原黑子在预先存在的磁场环境中的形成过程，揭示了磁通量浮现与上覆日冕场相互作用引发色球增亮和涌浪等现象。
摘要：
双极浮现通量区（EFRs）形成活动区（ARs），这些活动区通常在太阳大气中预先存在的磁场环境中演化。小尺度和大尺度磁场连接性的重构被用来解释在EFRs位置观测到的大量能量释放现象。这些现象包括增亮事件、涌浪和喷流，它们的触发机制和相互关系仍不清楚。在此背景下，我们通过分析干涉双维光谱仪沿Fe I 630.2 nm和Ca II 854.2 nm谱线获取的 spectropolarimetric 和光谱测量数据，研究了AR NOAA 11462中原黑子的形成，观测时间为2012年4月17日。我们利用同期的SDO卫星观测对这些高分辨率数据进行了补充。原黑子由浮现进入光球的磁通量形成，这些磁通量跟随其周围的等离子体流动而合并。色球和更高层大气的观测表明，通量浮现发生在预先存在的磁场环境中，小尺度和大尺度日冕弧系似乎在上层大气中塑造了原黑子的形成。此外，我们在色球中观测到了拱形暗条系统以及反复出现的剧烈增亮事件和涌浪，这可能是由于新通量与预先存在的上覆日冕磁场之间的磁相互作用所致。这些现象自新通量浮现的早期阶段即被观测到。
英文摘要：
Bipolar emerging flux regions (EFRs) form active regions (ARs) that generally evolve in a pre-existing magnetic environment in the solar atmosphere. Reconfiguration of the small- and large-scale magnetic connectivities is invoked to explain a plethora of energy release phenomena observed at the sites of EFRs. These include brightening events, surges, and jets, whose trigger and relationship are still unclear. In this context, we study the formation of a proto-spot in AR NOAA~11462 by analyzing spectropolarimetric and spectroscopic measurements taken by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer along the Fe~I 630.2~nm and Ca~II 854.2~nm lines on April 17, 2012. We complement these high-resolution data with simultaneous SDO satellite observations. The proto-spot forms from magnetic flux emerged into the photosphere that coalesces following plasma flows in its surrounding. The chromospheric and higher atmosphere observations show that flux emergence occurs in a pre-existing magnetic environment, with small- and large-scale coronal arcades that seemingly shape the proto-spot formation in the upper atmospheric layers. In addition, in the chromosphere we observe an arch filament system and repeated intense brightening events and surges, likely due to magnetic interactions of the new flux with the pre-existing overlying coronal field. These phenomena are observed since early stages of the new flux emergence.
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