As the interplay between human-generated and synthetic data evolves, new challenges arise in scientific discovery concerning the integrity of the data and the stability of the models. In this work, we examine the role of synthetic data as opposed to that of real experimental data for scientific research. Our analyses indicate that nearly three-quarters of experimental datasets available on open-access platforms have relatively low adoption rates, opening new opportunities to enhance their discoverability and usability by automated methods. Additionally, we observe an increasing difficulty in distinguishing synthetic from real experimental data. We propose supplementing ongoing efforts in automating synthetic data detection by increasing the focus on watermarking real experimental data, thereby strengthening data traceability and integrity. Our estimates suggest that watermarking even less than half of the real world data generated annually could help sustain model robustness, while promoting a balanced integration of synthetic and human-generated content.
FlyAOC: Evaluating Agentic Ontology Curation of Drosophila Scientific Knowledge Bases
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
From Clever Hans to Scientific Discovery: Interpreting EEG Foundational Transformers with LRP
Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI)（可扩展数据分析与人工智能中心（ScaDS.AI））；Leipzig University（莱比锡大学）；Neural Data Science and Statistical Computing, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences（神经数据科学与统计计算，人类认知与脑科学马克斯·普朗克研究所）；Faculty of Economics, Leipzig University（经济学院，莱比锡大学）；Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences（神经病学系，人类认知与脑科学马克斯·普朗克研究所）
LitCurate: A Configuration-Driven AI-Assisted Framework for Scientific Database Construction with an Application to Lower-Mantle Equation-of-State Data
Mask-Proof: An LLM-based Automated Data Curation Pipeline on Mathematical Proofs
School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学计算机学院）；Graduate College for Engineers, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学研究生院工程师学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University（复旦大学数学科学学院）；School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学网络空间安全学院）；School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学计算机科学与技术学院）；Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University（浙江大学竺可桢学院）；Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University（清华大学心理学与认知科学系）；State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室）；School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University（南京大学智能科学与技术学院）
CurateGPT: A flexible language-model assisted biocuration tool
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）；European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)（欧洲生物信息研究所（欧洲分子生物学实验室-欧洲生物信息研究所））；Berlin Institute of Health - Charité, Universitätsmedizin（柏林健康研究所-夏里特医科大学）
Can LLMs Discover Scientific Laws in Real and Parallel Worlds?
University of California San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；University of California, Irvine（加州大学欧文分校）；Cushing Academy（卡欣学院）；University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣巴巴拉分校）
ViCoR: Reliable Molecular Structure Extraction via Spatially Aligned Verification and Executable Revision
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）
