奇异致密天体的偏振测量印记：孤子玻色星
Polarimetry imprints of exotic compact objects: solitonic boson stars
AI总结：
本研究分析了环绕球形热斑的孤子玻色星的偏振观测特性，发现低倾角观测可排除Sgr A*为稀疏孤子玻色星，高倾角观测下偏振特征与黑洞存在显著差异，证明偏振测量是检验致密天体性质的有效框架。
摘要：
在本研究中，我们分析了由发射同步辐射的球形热斑环绕的孤子玻色星的偏振观测特性，这些热斑的辐射源自电子的热分布。我们考虑了三种具有不同致密度的玻色星构型，从具有大半径的稀疏模型到能够维持零类光束缚轨道的超致密模型。我们观察到，所有模型的初级图像偏振印记与Schwarzschild时空的偏振印记相当，因此任何潜在的可区分差异必须源于次级图像和穿透图像的额外结构。对于低倾角（20°）观测，我们发现最不致密模型的两个QU环与当前的ALMA和GRAVITY观测相矛盾，从而有效排除了Sgr A*是稀疏孤子玻色星的可能性。对于高倾角（80°）观测，在所有分析的模型中，电矢量位置角（EVPA）和QU环均与Schwarzschild黑洞存在巨大的定性偏差。我们的结果强调了偏振测量作为利用未来观测检验超大质量致密天体性质的框架的适用性，尤其是在高倾角下。
英文摘要：
In this work we analyze the polarization observational properties of solitonic boson stars orbited by spherical hot-spots emitting synchrotron radiation from a thermal distribution of electrons. We consider three boson star configurations with different compacticities ranging from a dilute model with a large radius to an ultra-compact model capable of holding null bound orbits. We observe that the polarimetric imprints of the primary images for all models are comparable to those of the Schwarzschild spacetime, and thus any potentially distinguishable differences must arise from the additional structure of secondary and plunge-through images. For low inclination ($20^\circ$) observations we find that the two QU-loops of the least compact model are in contradiction with the current ALMA and GRAVITY observations and effectively excludes the possibility of Sgr A* being a dilute solitonic boson star. For high inclination ($80^\circ$) observations, both the Electric Vector Position Angle (EVPA) and the QU-loops present large qualitative deviations from the Schwarzschild black-hole for all models analyzed. Our results emphasize the suitability of polarimetry as a framework to test the nature of supermassive compact objects with future observations, especially at high inclination.
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