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Euclid 准备阶段 LXX:预测 Euclid 宽场巡天中星系团内光的探测极限

Euclid preparation LXX. Forecasting detection limits for intracluster light in the Euclid Wide Survey

Euclid Collaboration, C. Bellhouse, J. B. Golden-Marx, S. P. Bamford, N. A. Hatch, M. Kluge, A. Ellien, S. L. Ahad, P. Dimauro, F. Durret, A. H. Gonzalez, Y. Ji… 展开作者

Euclid Collaboration, C. Bellhouse, J. B. Golden-Marx, S. P. Bamford, N. A. Hatch, M. Kluge, A. Ellien, S. L. Ahad, P. Dimauro, F. Durret, A. H. Gonzalez, Y. Jimenez-Teja, M. Montes, M. Sereno, E. Slezak, M. Bolzonella, G. Castignani, O. Cucciati, G. De Lucia, Z. Ghaffari, L. Moscardini, R. Pello, L. Pozzetti, T. Saifollahi, A. S. Borlaff, N. Aghanim, B. Altieri, A. Amara, S. Andreon, C. Baccigalupi, M. Baldi, S. Bardelli, A. Basset, P. Battaglia, R. Bender, A. Biviano, D. Bonino, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, A. Caillat, S. Camera, G. Cañas-Herrera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, V. F. Cardone, J. Carretero, S. Casas, M. Castellano, S. Cavuoti, K. C. Chambers, A. Cimatti, C. Colodro-Conde, G. Congedo, C. J. Conselice, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, F. Courbin, H. M. Courtois, J. -C. Cuillandre, A. Da Silva, H. Degaudenzi, A. M. Di Giorgio, J. Dinis, H. Dole, F. Dubath, C. A. J. Duncan, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, S. Escoffier, M. Farina, R. Farinelli, S. Farrens, F. Faustini, S. Ferriol, F. Finelli, S. Fotopoulou, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, K. George, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, P. Gómez-Alvarez, J. Gracia-Carpio, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, S. V. H. Haugan, H. Hoekstra, M. S. Holliman, W. Holmes, I. Hook, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, P. Hudelot, K. Jahnke, M. Jhabvala, E. Keihänen, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, M. Kilbinger, B. Kubik, M. Kümmel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, A. M. C. Le Brun, P. Liebing, S. Ligori, P. B. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, G. Mainetti, D. Maino, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, K. Markovic, M. Martinelli, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, R. Massey, S. Maurogordato, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, M. Melchior, M. Meneghetti, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, A. Mora, M. Moresco, R. Nakajima, C. Neissner, S. -M. Niemi, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, F. Pasian, K. Pedersen, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. A. Popa, F. Raison, A. Renzi, J. Rhodes, G. Riccio, E. Romelli, M. Roncarelli, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, Z. Sakr, D. Sapone, B. Sartoris, P. Schneider, T. Schrabback, G. Seidel, S. Serrano, P. Simon, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, L. Stanco, J. Steinwagner, P. Tallada-Crespí, I. Tereno, S. Toft, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, A. Tsyganov, I. Tutusaus, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, T. Vassallo, G. Verdoes Kleijn, A. Veropalumbo, Y. Wang, J. Weller, G. Zamorani, E. Zucca, E. Bozzo, C. Burigana, M. Calabrese, D. Di Ferdinando, J. A. Escartin Vigo, L. Gabarra, S. Matthew, N. Mauri, M. Pöntinen, V. Scottez, M. Tenti, M. Viel, M. Wiesmann, Y. Akrami, I. T. Andika, S. Anselmi, M. Archidiacono, F. Atrio-Barandela, M. Ballardini, M. Bethermin, A. Blanchard, L. Blot, H. Böhringer, S. Borgani, M. L. Brown, S. Bruton, R. Cabanac, A. Calabro, A. Cappi, F. Caro, C. S. Carvalho, T. Castro, F. Cogato, T. Contini, A. R. Cooray, F. De Paolis, G. Desprez, A. Díaz-Sánchez, J. J. Diaz, S. Di Domizio, J. M. Diego, A. G. Ferrari, P. G. Ferreira, A. Finoguenov, A. Fontana, K. Ganga, J. García-Bellido, T. Gasparetto, E. Gaztanaga, F. Giacomini, F. Gianotti, G. Gozaliasl, A. Gregorio, M. Guidi, C. M. Gutierrez, A. Hall, W. G. Hartley, S. Hemmati, H. Hildebrandt, J. Hjorth, A. Jimenez Muñoz, J. J. E. Kajava, Y. Kang, V. Kansal, D. Karagiannis, C. C. Kirkpatrick, S. Kruk, M. Lattanzi, J. Le Graet, L. Legrand, M. Lembo, J. Lesgourgues, T. I. Liaudat, S. J. Liu, A. Loureiro, M. Magliocchetti, F. Mannucci, R. Maoli, J. Martín-Fleitas, C. J. A. P. Martins, L. Maurin, R. B. Metcalf, M. Miluzio, P. Monaco, C. Moretti, G. Morgante, C. Murray, K. Naidoo, A. Navarro-Alsina, S. Nesseris, K. Paterson, L. Patrizii, A. Pisani, V. Popa, D. Potter, I. Risso, P. -F. Rocci, M. Sahlén, E. Sarpa, A. Schneider, M. Schultheis, D. Sciotti, E. Sellentin, L. C. Smith, S. A. Stanford, K. Tanidis, C. Tao, G. Testera, R. Teyssier, S. Tosi, A. Troja, M. Tucci, C. Valieri, D. Vergani, G. Verza, P. Vielzeuf, N. A. Walton

AI总结:

本文利用 H 波段模拟图像预测 Euclid 宽场巡天对星系团内光(ICL)的探测能力,发现简单孔径测光法偏差最小,并预计可在约 80000 个大质量星系团中探测到 ICL。

摘要:

弥漫于星系团中的团内光(ICL)是星系团并合历史的示踪物,并可能示踪其暗物质结构。在本工作中,我们利用 H 波段模拟图像探索 Euclid 宽场巡天探测 ICL 的能力。我们使用一个基于观测驱动的 ICL 模型,模拟了跨越红移范围(0.3-1.8)和暗晕质量范围($10^{13.9}$-$10^{15.0}$ M$_\odot$)的星系团。我们在最亮团星系(BCG)周围确定了一个 50-200 kpc 的环形孔径,在该孔径内 ICL 的信噪比(S/N)达到最大,并将该孔径内的 S/N 作为 ICL 探测的品质因数。我们比较了三种最先进的 ICL 探测方法,发现一种在高面亮度源掩模后进行简单孔径测光的方法能够以最小偏差探测质量大于 $10^{14.2}$ M$_\odot$ 的星系团中的 ICL。ICL 探测的 S/N 主要受星系团红移的限制,其驱动因素是宇宙学变暗,而非星系团质量。假设每个星系团中的 ICL 包含 15% 的恒星光,我们预测 Euclid 将能够在 $z=0.3$ 至 1.5 之间测量多达约 80000 个质量大于 $10^{14.2}$ M$_\odot$ 的星系团中 ICL 的存在,且 S/N$>3$。其中一半星系团将位于 $z<0.75$,而 $z<0.6$ 以下的大多数星系团将以 S/N $>20$ 被探测到。在 $1.3<z<1.5$ 处,将有数千个星系团的 ICL 可以以大于 3 的 S/N 被探测到。ICL 模型的表面亮度轮廓强烈依赖于星系团质量及其被观测时的红移,因此外部 ICL 在质量大于 $10^{14.7}$ M$_\odot$ 的最大质量星系团中观测效果最佳。在其庞大的巡天体积内,Euclid 将在数百个此类大质量星系团中,在距离 BCG 超过 500 kpc 处、直至 $z=0.7$ 探测到 ICL。

英文摘要:

The intracluster light (ICL) permeating galaxy clusters is a tracer of the cluster's assembly history, and potentially a tracer of their dark matter structure. In this work we explore the capability of the Euclid Wide Survey to detect ICL using H-band mock images. We simulate clusters across a range of redshifts (0.3-1.8) and halo masses ($10^{13.9}$-$10^{15.0}$ M$_\odot$), using an observationally motivated model of the ICL. We identify a 50-200 kpc circular annulus around the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in which the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the ICL is maximised and use the S/N within this aperture as our figure of merit for ICL detection. We compare three state-of-the-art methods for ICL detection, and find that a method that performs simple aperture photometry after high-surface brightness source masking is able to detect ICL with minimal bias for clusters more massive than $10^{14.2}$ M$_\odot$. The S/N of the ICL detection is primarily limited by the redshift of the cluster, driven by cosmological dimming, rather than the mass of the cluster. Assuming the ICL in each cluster contains 15% of the stellar light, we forecast that Euclid will be able to measure the presence of ICL in up to $\sim80000$ clusters of $>10^{14.2}$ M$_\odot$ between $z=0.3$ and 1.5 with a S/N$>3$. Half of these clusters will reside below $z=0.75$ and the majority of those below $z=0.6$ will be detected with a S/N $>20$. A few thousand clusters at $1.3<z<1.5$ will have ICL detectable with a S/N greater than 3. The surface brightness profile of the ICL model is strongly dependent on both the mass of the cluster and the redshift at which it is observed so the outer ICL is best observed in the most massive clusters of $>10^{14.7}$ M$_\odot$. Euclid will detect the ICL at more than 500 kpc distance from the BCG, up to $z=0.7$, in several hundred of these massive clusters over its large survey volume.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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