介电毛细作用用于精确控制流体
Dielectrocapillarity for exquisite control of fluids
AI总结：
研究通过介电电场梯度调控流体结构与毛细作用，揭示了介电电场耦合对液气相变、毛细凝结和流体在多孔介质中的吸附作用，为纳米孔体积容量控制提供新机制。
摘要：
空间变化的电场在自然界中广泛存在，如纳米多孔材料和生物膜，以及技术中如图案电极和范德瓦尔异质结构。虽然均匀电场使自由离子迁移，但极性流体仅重新取向分子。相反，电场梯度（EFG）产生介电电场力，即使没有自由电荷也能精细控制极性流体。尽管其在纳米多孔电极、纳米流体装置和化学分离材料中优化流体行为的潜力巨大，但由于缺乏严格的电striction第一性原理理论，EFGs在微观层面仍被忽视。通过整合液体状态理论和深度学习的最新进展，我们揭示了EFGs如何调节流体结构和毛细作用。我们证明介电电场耦合能够调节液体-气体相变、毛细凝结和流体在多孔介质中的吸附。我们的发现确立了“介电毛细作用”——利用EFGs操控受限流体——作为控制纳米孔体积容量的强大机制，具有巨大的能量存储、选择性气体分离和可调滞后性在神经形态纳米流体学中的潜力。此外，通过将纳米尺度介电毛细作用与宏观介电湿接联系起来，我们为极性流体在不同长度尺度上的场控制湿接和吸附现象奠定了基础。
英文摘要：
Spatially varying electric fields are prevalent throughout nature, such as in nanoporous materials and biological membranes, and technology, e.g, patterned electrodes and van der Waals heterostructures. While uniform fields cause free ions to migrate, for polar fluids they simply reorient the constituent molecules. In contrast, electric field gradients (EFGs) induce a dielectrophoretic force, offering fine control of polar fluids even in the absence of free charges. Despite their vast potential for optimizing fluid behavior under confinement, such as in nanoporous electrodes, nanofluidic devices, and chemical separation materials. EFGs remain largely unexplored at the microscopic level due to the absence of a rigorous first-principles theory of electrostriction. By integrating state-of-the-art advances in liquid state theory and deep learning, we reveal how EFGs modulate fluid structure and capillarity. We demonstrate that dielectrophoretic coupling enables tunable control over the liquid-gas phase transition, capillary condensation, and fluid uptake into porous media. Our findings establish "dielectrocapillarity" -- the use of EFGs to manipulate confined fluids -- as a powerful mechanism for controlling volumetric capacity in nanopores, holding immense potential for energy storage, selective gas separation, and tunable hysteresis in neuromorphic nanofluidics. Furthermore, by linking nanoscale dielectrocapillarity to macroscopic dielectrowetting, we establish a foundation for field-controlled wetting and adsorption phenomena of polar fluids across length scales.
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