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arXiv 2503.02470astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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运动学对宇宙计数偶极子的贡献

The kinematic contribution to the cosmic number count dipole

J. D. Wagenveld, S. von Hausegger, H-R. Klöckner, D. J. Schwarz

AI总结:

本文联合拟合 NVSS、RACS 和 CatWISE 的计数偶极子,发现除 CMB 运动学偶极子外存在显著残余各向异性,方向偏离约39度。

摘要:

利用大型巡天开展的计数偶极子测量显示,其振幅与基于宇宙微波背景(CMB)观测到的多普勒偶极子所作的运动学预测存在张力。这些观测似乎与宇宙学原理所主张的均匀、各向同性宇宙直接冲突,因此需要进一步研究这一张力的来源。本文考察观测到的计数偶极子是否可与完全运动学起源相容,或者是否存在任何残余各向异性对总观测偶极子作出贡献。为区分这些贡献,我们希望利用如下事实:在给定星系目录中预期的运动学物质偶极子会随样本的观测属性而变化,因此文献中使用的不同目录具有不同的运动学偶极子预期。我们在此使用 NRAO VLA Sky Survey(NVSS)、Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey(RACS)以及由 Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer 得到的 AGN 目录(CatWISE)进行联合偶极子拟合。假设所有目录之间共有一个运动学偶极子分量和一个非运动学偶极子分量,我们发现检测到一个较大的残余非运动学偶极子各向异性,但模型选择不支持两个分量具有共同方向。在将运动学偶极子固定为 CMB 偶极子预期的同时,放开该残余偶极子的振幅和方向,我们恢复出一个显著的残余偶极子,其 $\mathcal{D}_{resid}=(0.81\pm0.14)\times10^{-2}$,并且相对 CMB 偶极子方向偏离 $39\pm8$ 度。尽管本工作为这一概念提供了有价值的初步检验,但其审视能力受到当前所采用目录的限制。未来需要更大的目录,尤其是在射电波段,以进一步解除运动学偶极子分量与残余偶极子分量之间的简并。

英文摘要:

Measurements of the number count dipole with large surveys have shown amplitudes in tension with kinematic predictions based on the observed Doppler dipole of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These observations seem to be in direct conflict with a homogeneous and isotropic Universe as asserted by the cosmological principle, demanding further investigation into the origin of the tension. Here, we investigate whether the observed number count dipoles are consistent with being fully kinematic or if there is any residual anisotropy contributing to the total observed dipole. To disentangle these contributions, we aim to leverage the fact that the kinematic matter dipole expected in a given galaxy catalogue scales with observed properties of the sample, and different catalogues used in the literature therefore have different kinematic dipole expectations. We here perform joint dipole fits using the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS), and the AGN catalogue derived from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (CatWISE). Assuming a common kinematic and non-kinematic dipole component between all catalogues, we find that a large residual, non-kinematic dipole anisotropy is detected, though a common direction between the two components is disfavoured by model selection. Freeing up both amplitude and direction for this residual dipole while fixing the kinematic dipole to the CMB dipole expectation, we recover a significant residual dipole with $\mathcal{D}_{resid} = (0.81\pm0.14)\times10^{-2}$, that is offset from the CMB dipole direction by $39\pm8$ degrees. While the present work provides a valuable first test of this concept, its scrutinising power is limited by the currently employed catalogues. Larger catalogues, especially in radio, will be needed to further lift the degeneracy between the kinematic and residual dipole components.

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