基于FIB-SEM测量的X-PVMPT电池电极三维形貌中局部异质性的量化
Quantifying local heterogeneities in the 3D morphology of X-PVMPT battery electrodes based on FIB-SEM measurements
AI总结：
本文基于FIB-SEM三维图像，通过统计建模量化X-PVMPT有机电极的局部异质性，发现电极从底到顶的纳米结构变化影响性能，固相短路径利于导电，孔相长路径限制离子扩散。
摘要：
有机电极活性材料（OAMs）不仅能够实现多种电荷存储机制，而且与常用锂离子电池中的材料相比，对环境更安全且成本更低。交联的聚(3)-乙烯基-N-甲基吩噻嗪（X-PVMPT）是一种p型有机电极活性材料，表现出高性能，并能在不同电池配置中实现快速可逆的能量存储。有机电极活性材料的性能不仅取决于其分子或聚合物结构，还取决于复合电极的结构。本文基于通过聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）测量获得的三维图像数据，采用统计图像分析方法研究了由X-PVMPT、导电碳添加剂和粘结剂组成的电极的多孔纳米结构。相关形态学描述符的单变量概率分布以及此类描述符对的二元分布被参数化建模，后者中尤其利用了copula方法。这些模型随后被用于量化本文所考虑的X-PVMPT的局部异质性。此外，研究表明，当从电极底面穿越至顶面时，纳米结构发生变化，这影响了其性能。虽然观察到的通过固相的短传输路径在电导率方面是有利的，但相比之下，通过影响有效离子扩散率的孔相的路径则相当长。
英文摘要：
Organic electrode-active materials (OAMs) not only enable a variety of charge and storage mechanisms, but are also safer for the environment and of lower cost compared to materials in commonly used lithium-ion batteries. Cross-linked Poly(3)-vinyl-N-methylphenothiazine (X-PVMPT) is a p-type OAM which shows high performance and enables fast and reversible energy storage in different battery configurations. The performance of an OAM does not only depend on its molecular or polymer structure, but also on the structure of the composite electrode. The porous nanostructure of an electrode composed of X-PVMPT, a conductive carbon additive and binder is investigated by statistical image analysis, based on 3D image data obtained by focused-ion beam scanning-electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) measurements. Univariate probability distributions of relevant morphological descriptors as well as bivariate distributions of pairs of such descriptors are parametrically modelled, among others, by utilization of copulas in the latter case. These models are then used for quantifying local heterogeneities of X-PVMPT considered in this paper. Furthermore, it is shown that the nanostructure changes when traversing from bottom to top face of the electrode, which influences its performance. While the observed short transportation paths trough the solid phase are beneficial in terms of electrical conductivity, the pathways through the pore phase influencing the effective ionic diffusivity are--in comparison--rather long.
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