XRISM卫星搭载的Xtend系统软X射线成像仪
Soft X-ray Imager of the Xtend system onboard XRISM
AI总结：
该研究介绍XRISM卫星搭载的Xtend系统软X射线成像仪（SXI），基于Hitomi/SXI改进设计，通过地面实验验证其成像光谱等性能满足要求，成功完成飞行前开发。
摘要：
软X射线成像仪（SXI）是安装在X射线成像和光谱任务（XRISM）上的软X射线成像望远镜Xtend的X射线电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机，XRISM是Hitomi X射线卫星的恢复任务，已于2023年9月7日（JST）成功发射。为了最大化XRISM的科学产出，我们制定了Xtend的要求，发现与X射线镜组件结合使用时，Hitomi/SXI中使用的或类似的CCD组（即具有200μm厚耗尽层的2×2背照式CCD阵列）在可用选项中实际上是最佳的。我们基于Hitomi/SXI设计了XRISM/SXI，在0.4-13 keV能量范围内具有38'×38'的宽视场。我们在CCD芯片设计中融入了Hitomi/SXI的几项重大改进，以增强光学遮光能力和提高抗宇宙射线能力，减少轨道中电荷转移效率的下降。在XRISM发射时，SXI的成像和光谱能力已通过全飞行模型配置或等效设置的地面实验得到广泛研究，并确认满足要求。CCD的光学阻挡能力、冷却和温度控制性能以及对入射X射线的透射率和量子效率也均已确认满足要求。因此，我们成功完成了XRISM SXI的飞行前开发。
英文摘要：
The Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) is the X-ray charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for the soft X-ray imaging telescope Xtend installed on the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), which was adopted as a recovery mission for the Hitomi X-ray satellite and was successfully launched on 2023 September 7 (JST). In order to maximize the science output of XRISM, we set the requirements for Xtend and find that the CCD set employed in the Hitomi/SXI or similar, i.e., a $2 \times 2$ array of back-illuminated CCDs with a $200~μ$m-thick depletion layer, would be practically best among available choices, when used in combination with the X-ray mirror assembly. We design the XRISM/SXI, based on the Hitomi/SXI, to have a wide field of view of $38' \times 38'$ in the $0.4-13$ keV energy range. We incorporated several significant improvements from the Hitomi/SXI into the CCD chip design to enhance the optical-light blocking capability and to increase the cosmic-ray tolerance, reducing the degradation of charge-transfer efficiency in orbit. By the time of the launch of XRISM, the imaging and spectroscopic capabilities of the SXI has been extensively studied in on-ground experiments with the full flight-model configuration or equivalent setups and confirmed to meet the requirements. The optical blocking capability, the cooling and temperature control performance, and the transmissivity and quantum efficiency to incident X-rays of the CCDs are also all confirmed to meet the requirements. Thus, we successfully complete the pre-flight development of the SXI for XRISM.
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