修正引力在引力阿哈罗诺夫-玻姆效应中的特征
Signatures of modified gravity from the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect
AI总结：
本文通过引力阿哈罗诺夫-玻姆效应，提出利用卡鲁扎-克莱因修正引力替代暗物质粒子解释暗物质证据，发现能级分裂差异在原子系统为meV、核系统为eV量级，并给出引力子质量估计及引力波印记。
摘要：
迄今为止，尚未发现暗物质粒子的观测证据。在本文中，我们提出了一种通过修正引力来推断暗物质证据的替代方法，而不需要引入基本的暗物质粒子。具体而言，我们探索了通过引力阿哈罗诺夫-玻姆效应提取卡鲁扎-克莱因引力特征的可能性。卡鲁扎-克莱因理论最近被提出作为暗扇区的替代方案，并预言了一个粒子塔，包括自旋为0和自旋为1的引力子，以及通常的自旋为2的引力子，它们可以与物质发生引力耦合。因此，我们分析了在修正的类汤川引力势存在下，一个量子系统在引力体周围自由下落的情况，并确定了由卡鲁扎-克莱因模型引入的额外自由度所感应的引力相位。我们的结果表明，除了广义相对论的通常结果外，系统的量子波函数还表现出一个额外效应：由于额外的矢量引力自由度，能级出现分裂并伴随一个新的量子数。对于原子系统，广义相对论与卡鲁扎-克莱因引力之间的能级分裂差异约为meV量级，对于核系统则为eV量级。类似的数值也出现在一般的修正引力模型中，并且未来可以对其进行可行的测试。我们还提供了引力子质量的数值估计，并提及了引力波上可能留下的印记。
英文摘要：
To date, no observational confirmation of dark matter particles has been found. In this paper, we put forward an alternative approach to inferring evidence for dark matter through modified gravity, without invoking fundamental dark matter particles. Specifically, we explore the possibility of extracting signatures of Kaluza-Klein gravity through the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect. Kaluza-Klein theory has recently been proposed as an alternative to the dark sector, and predicts a tower of particles, including spin-0 and spin-1 gravitons alongside the usual spin-2 gravitons, which can gravitationally couple to matter. We thus analyze a quantum system in free fall around a gravitating body in the presence of a modified Yukawa-like gravitational potential, and determine the gravitational phase induced by the additional degrees of freedom introduced by the Kaluza-Klein model. Our results reveal that, in addition to the usual result from General Relativity, the quantum wave function of the system exhibits an additional effect: a splitting of the energy levels with a new quantum number due to the extra vector gravitational degrees of freedom. The energy splitting difference between general relativity and Kaluza-Klein gravity is found to be of the order of meV for an atomic system and eV for a nuclear system. Similar values also arise in generic modified gravity models and can be feasibly tested in the future. Numerical estimates for the graviton mass are also provided, and potential imprints on gravitational waves are mentioned.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
