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arXiv 2502.04997cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG

将黑盒语言模型与人类判断对齐

Aligning Black-box Language Models with Human Judgments

Amazon(亚马逊)

Gerrit J. J. van den Burg, Gen Suzuki, Wei Liu, Murat Sensoy

AI总结:

本文提出一种无需微调、通过线性映射将黑盒大语言模型判断与人类评估者对齐的简单框架,在29个任务上以少量校准样本实现平均142%的一致性提升,并在多个任务上超过人类间一致性。

摘要:

大语言模型(LLMs)越来越多地被用作自动化评判器,用于评估推荐系统、搜索引擎以及其他主观任务,因为在这些场景中依赖人类评估者可能成本高昂、耗时且难以扩展。LLMs为持续、自动化的评估提供了一种高效解决方案。然而,由于利用这些判断所构建和改进的系统最终是为人类使用而设计的,因此LLM的判断必须与人类评估者紧密对齐,以确保此类系统始终以人为中心。另一方面,由于人类判断中存在个体差异和偏见,将LLM判断与人类评估者对齐具有挑战性。我们提出了一个简单而有效的框架,用于将LLM判断与个体人类评估者或其聚合判断对齐,而无需重新训练或微调LLM。我们的方法学习LLM输出与人类判断之间的线性映射,在仅使用少量校准示例进行训练的情况下,在29个任务上实现了超过142%的平均一致性提升。值得注意的是,我们的方法在零样本和少样本设置下均有效,在六个任务中的四个上超过了人类评估者之间的一致性,并使较小的LLM能够取得与较大模型相当的性能。

英文摘要:

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs offer an efficient solution for continuous, automated evaluation. However, since the systems that are built and improved with these judgments are ultimately designed for human use, it is crucial that LLM judgments align closely with human evaluators to ensure such systems remain human-centered. On the other hand, aligning LLM judgments with human evaluators is challenging due to individual variability and biases in human judgments. We propose a simple yet effective framework to align LLM judgments with individual human evaluators or their aggregated judgments, without retraining or fine-tuning the LLM. Our approach learns a linear mapping between the LLM's outputs and human judgments, achieving over 142% average improvement in agreement across 29 tasks with only a small number of calibration examples used for training. Notably, our method works in zero-shot and few-shot settings, exceeds inter-human agreement on four out of six tasks, and enables smaller LLMs to achieve performance comparable to that of larger models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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