5G FR2（毫米波）下行256QAM性能分析在商用5G网络中
Performance Analysis of 5G FR2 (mmWave) Downlink 256QAM on Commercial 5G Networks
AI总结：
本文研究了5G FR2频段中256QAM在商用网络中的实际性能，发现其在静止环境下有吞吐量增益，但移动时性能下降且误码率增加。
摘要：
5G新无线电（NR）标准在频率范围2（FR2）中引入了新的频率带，以支持拥挤环境中增强的移动宽带（eMBB），并启用了新的用例，如超可靠低时延通信（URLLC）。3GPP在FR2频率带中引入了256QAM支持，以进一步提高下行容量。然而，在实际环境中维持FR2上的256QAM具有挑战性，因为路径损耗强且易受失真影响。虽然256QAM相比64QAM可提高理论吞吐量33%，且在FR1中被广泛采用，但在FR2中使用时的实际影响存疑，因为FR2范围内经历显著的路径损耗和失真。此外，使用更高的调制方式会增加BLER（误块率）、不稳定性以及重传次数。此外，256QAM还使用了不同的MCS表，定义不同信道质量指数（CQI）下的调制和编码速率，影响终端设备（UE）的链路自适应行为。本文研究了在两个国家、三家无线接入网（RAN）厂商以及NSA（EN-DC）和SA（NR-DC）配置下，FR2频带中使用256QAM的现实性能，包括在露天广场、市中心、人行天桥、火车站平台和静止环境等不同场景下的表现。结果表明，当终端设备（UE）静止时，256QAM提供合理的吞吐量增益，但在UE移动时，增益较小，同时增加NACK响应的概率、BLER和重传次数。最后，通过MATLAB模拟验证了发现，并探讨了最近引入的1024QAM在FR2中的影响。
英文摘要：
The 5G New Radio (NR) standard introduces new frequency bands allocated in Frequency Range 2 (FR2) to support enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) in congested environments and enables new use cases such as Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). The 3GPP introduced 256QAM support for FR2 frequency bands to further enhance downlink capacity. However, sustaining 256QAM on FR2 in practical environments is challenging due to strong path loss and susceptibility to distortion. While 256QAM can improve theoretical throughput by 33%, compared to 64QAM, and is widely adopted in FR1, its real-world impact when utilized in FR2 is questionable, given the significant path loss and distortions experienced in the FR2 range. Additionally, using higher modulation correlates to higher BLER, increased instability, and retransmission. Moreover, 256QAM also utilizes a different MCS table defining the modulation and code rate at different Channel Quality Indexes (CQI), affecting the UE's link adaptation behavior. This paper investigates the real-world performance of 256QAM utilization on FR2 bands in two countries, across three RAN manufacturers, and in both NSA (EN-DC) and SA (NR-DC) configurations, under various scenarios, including open-air plazas, city centers, footbridges, train station platforms, and stationary environments. The results show that 256QAM provides a reasonable throughput gain when stationary but marginal improvements when there is UE mobility while increasing the probability of NACK responses, increasing BLER, and the number of retransmissions. Finally, MATLAB simulations are run to validate the findings as well as explore the effect of the recently introduced 1024QAM on FR2.
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