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arXiv 2502.02585astro-ph.GA
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从宽视场测光巡天看银河系球状星团中多重星族现象的新视角

New perspective on the multiple population phenomenon in Galactic globular clusters from a wide-field photometric survey

S. Jang, A. P. Milone, A. F. Marino, M. Tailo, E. Dondoglio, M. V. Legnardi, G. Cordoni, T. Ziliotto, E. P. Lagioia, M. Carlos, A. Mohandasan, E. Bortolan, Y. -W. Lee

AI总结:

本文利用宽视场测光构建染色体图,研究29个银河系球状星团中第二代恒星比例的径向分布,发现球状星团可分为两组,并揭示其与银心距、近银心距及轨道能量的关联。

摘要:

为了克服哈勃空间望远镜视场较小在多重星族研究中的局限,人们对银河系球状星团(GCs)的宽视场测光进行了研究。特别是,利用地面测光构建的“染色体图”(ChMs)被用于在宽视场范围内识别第一代和第二代恒星(1G和2G)。染色体图使我们能够推导出所分析视场中不同星族的比例。本文给出了29个球状星团中2G比例沿径向的分布。这些分布表明,所有球状星团要么具有平坦的2G分布,要么2G恒星更加向中心集中。值得注意的是,我们发现半光半径之外的1G恒星比例在所有质量范围内都明显分成两支。这意味着,一组1G比例较低的球状星团(以下称为第II组)在其最外层区域已经有效地失去了1G恒星。事实上,结合径向分布的趋势,第II组的大多数球状星团具有空间上混合的星族,而只有第I组(1G比例较高的一组)中质量较小的球状星团表现出这一特征。最后,我们研究了这两组与宿主星团参数之间的联系。我们发现,第II组的大多数球状星团分布在更宽的银心距范围内,且其近银心距较小,小于3.5 kpc。此外,利用Gaia数据可以观察到,在运动积分图上,第II组球状星团比第I组球状星团具有更高的能量。

英文摘要:

Wide-field photometry of Galactic globular clusters (GCs) has been investigated to overcome limitations from the small field of view of the Hubble Space Telescope in the study of multiple populations. In particular, 'chromosome maps' (ChMs) built with ground-based photometry were constructed to identify the first and second generation stars (1G and 2G) over the wide-field of view. The ChMs allow us to derive the fraction of distinct populations in an analyzed field of view. We present here the radial distribution of the 2G fraction in 29 GCs. The distributions show that all the GCs either have a flat distribution or more centrally concentrated 2G stars. Notably, we find that the fraction of 1G stars outside the half-light radius is clearly bifurcated across all mass range. It implies that a group of GCs with lower 1G fractions (hereafter Group II) have efficiently lost their 1G stars in the outermost cluster regions. In fact, in connection with the trends of the radial distribution, most GCs of Group II have spatially mixed populations, while only less massive GCs in Group I (a group with higher 1G fraction) show that feature. Lastly, we investigate links between these two groups and host cluster parameters. We find that most GCs of Group II are distributed along a broader range of galactocentric distances with smaller perigalactic distances < 3.5 kpc. Besides, by using the Gaia data, it is observed that Group II GCs have higher energy on the integrals of motion diagrams than Group I GCs.

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