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arXiv 2502.01649eess.AScs.LGcs.SD
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在边缘语音理解中利用小型基础模型保护隐私

Safeguarding Privacy in Edge Speech Understanding with Tiny Foundation Models

Department of Computer Science(计算机科学系);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学)

Afsara Benazir, Felix Xiaozhu Lin

AI总结:

SpeechShield通过在边缘设备上利用小型基础模型实现语音隐私保护,有效过滤敏感信息并提升转录性能。

摘要:

鲁棒的语音识别系统依赖云服务提供商进行推理。需要确保不可信的提供商无法推断出语音中的敏感内容。在语音内容上进行净化时,必须注意避免影响转录的准确性。为了首次利用小型语音基础模型(FMs)未被充分利用的能力,我们提出了一种新的用途:在资源受限的设备上增强语音隐私。我们引入了SpeechShield,一种边缘/云隐私保护语音推理引擎,可以在不损害转录准确性的情况下过滤敏感实体。我们利用基于时间戳的设备掩码方法,利用一个令牌到实体预测模型来过滤敏感实体。我们选择的掩码策略性地隐藏了输入的一部分并隐藏了敏感数据。被掩码的输入被发送到受信任的云服务或本地枢纽以生成掩码输出。SpeechShield的有效性取决于实体时间段的掩码程度。我们的恢复是一种基于置信度分数的方法,选择云和设备模型之间的最佳预测。我们在64位Raspberry Pi 4B上实现了SpeechShield。实验表明,我们的解决方案在不牺牲隐私的情况下实现了稳健的语音识别。SpeechShield在小于100MB内存的情况下,实现了最先进的语音转录性能,同时在设备上直接过滤约83%的私人实体。SpeechShield在内存上比先前的隐私保护语音框架小16倍,速度快3.3倍,计算效率高17倍,并且与现有离线转录服务相比,词错误率(WER)的相对减少为38.8-77.5%。

英文摘要:

Robust speech recognition systems rely on cloud service providers for inference. It needs to ensure that an untrustworthy provider cannot deduce the sensitive content in speech. Sanitization can be done on speech content keeping in mind that it has to avoid compromising transcription accuracy. Realizing the under utilized capabilities of tiny speech foundation models (FMs), for the first time, we propose a novel use: enhancing speech privacy on resource-constrained devices. We introduce SpeechShield, an edge/cloud privacy preserving speech inference engine that can filter sensitive entities without compromising transcript accuracy. We utilize a timestamp based on-device masking approach that utilizes a token to entity prediction model to filter sensitive entities. Our choice of mask strategically conceals parts of the input and hides sensitive data. The masked input is sent to a trusted cloud service or to a local hub to generate the masked output. The effectiveness of SpeechShield hinges on how well the entity time segments are masked. Our recovery is a confidence score based approach that chooses the best prediction between cloud and on-device model. We implement SpeechShield on a 64 bit Raspberry Pi 4B. Experiments show that our solution leads to robust speech recognition without forsaking privacy. SpeechShield with < 100 MB memory, achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) speech transcription performance while filtering about 83% of private entities directly on-device. SpeechShield is 16x smaller in memory, 3.3x faster and 17x more compute efficient than prior privacy preserving speech frameworks and has a relative reduction in word error rate (WER) by 38.8-77.5% when compared to existing offline transcription services.

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