原子极化率建模：从电荷畸变到非均匀分布
Modeling Atomic Polarizability: From Charge Distortion to Non-Uniform Distributions
AI总结：
本文提出用椭球畸变模型替代经典球对称模型描述原子极化，推导了包含偏心率及非均匀电荷密度影响的极化率表达式，以改进经典近似并深化对原子极化机制的理解。
摘要：
在原子极化率的经典模型中，原子电荷在外加电场作用下发生位移，假设电子云保持球对称但中心偏离原子核，从而感应出电偶极子。本文提出，外加电场使初始球形的电子云畸变为椭球形状，原子核位于椭球的一个焦点上。我们假设电子云的电荷密度保持均匀，且不因外加电场而改变。我们推导了考虑畸变因子的修正极化率表达式，该畸变因子由椭球的偏心率表示，并分析了另一个包含非均匀电荷分布的模型。此外，我们给出了一个同时结合畸变效应和非均匀电荷密度影响的极化率表达式。这些模型旨在改进经典近似，并为原子极化率的内在机制提供更深入的认识。
英文摘要：
In the classical model of atomic polarizability, atomic charges are displaced by an applied electric field, assuming the electron cloud remains spherically symmetric but with its center shifted from the nucleus, thereby inducing an electric dipole. In this work, we propose that the applied electric field distorts the initially spherical electron cloud into a spheroidal shape, with the nucleus positioned at one of its focal points. We assume that the electron cloud's charge density remains uniform and is not altered by the applied field. We derive a modified expression for the polarizability that accounts for the distortion factor, represented by the eccentricity of the spheroid, and analyze an additional model incorporating non-uniform charge distribution. Furthermore, we present an expression for polarizability that combines the effects of both distortion and non-uniform charge density. These models aim to refine the classical approximation and offer deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying atomic polarizability.
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