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arXiv 2501.16375cs.LGcs.AIcs.IR
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基于存储神经网络增强的近似最近邻搜索

On Storage Neural Network Augmented Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Kioxia Corporation(铠侠公司)

Taiga Ikeda, Daisuke Miyashita, Jun Deguchi

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于神经网络预测正确簇的存储增强型近似最近邻搜索方法,通过交替监督学习和重复簇分配逐步优化网络,在最大化召回率的同时显著减少从存储设备获取的数据量。

摘要:

随着采用近似最近邻搜索(ANN)的最新机器学习研究的发展,大规模近似最近邻搜索一直备受关注。如果数据过大而无法放入内存,则有必要从存储在存储设备中的数据,而不是内存中的数据里,搜索与给定查询向量最相似的向量。诸如NAND闪存等存储设备比诸如DRAM等内存设备具有更大的容量,但它们读取数据的延迟也更大。因此,面向存储的ANN方法需要与传统的内存ANN方法完全不同的途径。由于在合理假设下,搜索所需时间仅由从存储中获取的数据量决定的这一近似成立,我们的目标是在最大化召回率的同时最小化获取的数据量。对于基于划分的ANN,在索引构建阶段,向量被划分为多个簇。在搜索阶段,选择其中一些簇,从存储中获取所选簇中的向量,并从获取的向量中检索最近邻向量。因此,关键点在于准确选择包含真实最近邻向量的簇。我们通过提出一种利用神经网络预测正确簇的方法实现了这一点,该网络通过交替进行监督学习和重复簇分配来逐步优化。与最先进的SPANN以及使用k-means聚类和线性搜索的穷举方法相比,所提出的方法在SIFT1M上实现了90%的召回率,且从存储中获取的数据量分别减少了80%和58%。

英文摘要:

Large-scale approximate nearest neighbor search (ANN) has been gaining attention along with the latest machine learning researches employing ANNs. If the data is too large to fit in memory, it is necessary to search for the most similar vectors to a given query vector from the data stored in storage devices, not from that in memory. The storage device such as NAND flash memory has larger capacity than the memory device such as DRAM, but they also have larger latency to read data. Therefore, ANN methods for storage require completely different approaches from conventional in-memory ANN methods. Since the approximation that the time required for search is determined only by the amount of data fetched from storage holds under reasonable assumptions, our goal is to minimize it while maximizing recall. For partitioning-based ANNs, vectors are partitioned into clusters in the index building phase. In the search phase, some of the clusters are chosen, the vectors in the chosen clusters are fetched from storage, and the nearest vector is retrieved from the fetched vectors. Thus, the key point is to accurately select the clusters containing the ground truth nearest neighbor vectors. We accomplish this by proposing a method to predict the correct clusters by means of a neural network that is gradually refined by alternating supervised learning and duplicated cluster assignment. Compared to state-of-the-art SPANN and an exhaustive method using k-means clustering and linear search, the proposed method achieves 90% recall on SIFT1M with 80% and 58% less data fetched from storage, respectively.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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