异质网络化群体中社会临界点的定向激励
Targeted incentives for social tipping in heterogeneous networked populations
AI总结：
本文提出一个包含异质性智能体和局部影响网络的博弈论框架，研究社会临界点干预的定向激励策略，揭示防止倒退与促进扩散之间的权衡，并识别不同情景下的成本最优策略。
摘要：
许多社会挑战，如气候变化或疾病暴发，需要协调一致的行为改变。对于许多行为而言，个体遵循社会规范的倾向会强化现状。然而，这些相同的社会过程也可能导致快速的、自我强化的变化。干预措施可以被战略性地定向，以启动内生的社会变化过程，通常被称为社会临界点。虽然近期研究考虑了此类干预措施的规模和定向如何影响其促成变化的有效性，但它们往往忽视了政策制定者所面临的约束，包括干预的成本、速度和分配后果。为了解决这一复杂性，我们引入了一个博弈论框架，该框架包含异质性智能体和局部影响网络。我们基于关于个体偏好的信息以及常用的局部网络属性，实现了各种定向启发式方法，以识别需要激励的个体。分析和模拟结果表明，在防止被定向个体倒退和促进非定向个体改变之间存在一种权衡。因此，变化在群体中的起始位置及其传播方向对于干预措施的有效性至关重要。我们在不同情景下识别了成本最优策略，例如不同的变化阻力水平、偏好异质性和同质性。这些结果提供了可以通过实验检验的见解，并有助于政策制定者更好地引导激励。
英文摘要：
Many societal challenges, such as climate change or disease outbreaks, require coordinated behavioral changes. For many behaviors, the tendency of individuals to adhere to social norms can reinforce the status quo. However, these same social processes can also result in rapid, self-reinforcing change. Interventions may be strategically targeted to initiate endogenous social change processes, often referred to as social tipping. While recent research has considered how the size and targeting of such interventions impact their effectiveness at bringing about change, they tend to overlook constraints faced by policymakers, including the cost, speed, and distributional consequences of interventions. To address this complexity, we introduce a game-theoretic framework that includes heterogeneous agents and networks of local influence. We implement various targeting heuristics based on information about individual preferences and commonly used local network properties to identify individuals to incentivize. Analytical and simulation results suggest that there is a trade-off between preventing backsliding among targeted individuals and promoting change among non-targeted individuals. Thus, where the change is initiated in the population and the direction in which it propagates is essential to the effectiveness of interventions. We identify cost-optimal strategies under different scenarios, such as varying levels of resistance to change, preference heterogeneity, and homophily. These results provide insights that can be experimentally tested and help policymakers to better direct incentives.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
