本研究利用近红外积分场光谱观测揭示了碳星 CW Leo 星风形成区的尘埃形成、吸收特征及锥形空腔等结构,并指出其过渡阶段需持续监测。
摘要:
碳星 CW Leo 的星周包层在最近的光学成像观测中表现出各种意想不到的变化。我们利用双子座北座望远镜上配备的近红外积分场光谱仪(NIFS)进行了后续观测。我们报告了在 CW Leo 恒星位置处光学局部亮度峰值的近红外对应体。另一方面,在 J 波段短波长处检测到的第二个峰值与光学图像中最亮、最蓝的位置重合。K 波段吸收特征在距预测恒星位置 0.2 角秒的半径处最小化。吸收深度的减少可能表明吸收特征被在该半径处新形成并被中心恒星辐射加热的尘埃颗粒的热发射所稀释。1.53 微米处的宽吸收特征明显比模板碳星更深,与 CW Leo 周围存在大量星周物质一致。其东北象限在近红外区域缺乏星周吸收特征和散射光,这可能是其气体和尘埃锥形空腔的表现。此外,CO 泛音带的交叉相关表明尘埃颗粒的平均膨胀速度在向北方向上较小,同样,利用星周旋涡图案的差分自行推导的横向风分量速度也是如此。CW Leo 的逐渐变亮及其最内层星周包层的变化需要进一步的持续监测观测,以正确理解其向恒星后渐近巨星分支阶段过渡的时期。
英文摘要:
The circumstellar envelope of the carbon star CW Leo exhibited various unexpected changes in recent optical imaging observations. We have performed a follow-up observation using the Near-infrared Integral-Field Spectrograph (NIFS) equipped on the Gemini-North telescope. We report the near-infrared counterparts of a local brightness peak in the optical at the stellar position of CW Leo. On the other hand, a second peak detected at short wavelengths in the J band coincides with the brightest, bluest position in the optical images. The absorption features in the K band are minimized at a radius of 0.2 arcsec from the predicted stellar position. The reduction of the absorption depths likely indicates dilution of the absorption features by thermal emission of dust grains newly formed at such a radius and heated by radiation from the central star. The broad absorption feature at 1.53 um is significantly deeper than in template carbon stars, consistent with the presence of a substantial amount of circumstellar material around CW Leo. Its northeastern quadrant lacks circumstellar absorption features and scattered light in the near-infrared regime, which are possibly manifestations of its conical cavity in both gas and dust. In addition, a cross correlation of CO overtone bands indicates that the average expansion velocity of dust grains is smaller to the northern direction, likewise the velocity of transverse wind components derived using the differential proper motion of a circumstellar whirled pattern. The gradual brightening of CW Leo and the changes in its innermost circumstellar envelope need further continuous monitoring observations to properly understand its transitional phase toward the post-asymptotic-giant-branch stage.
K2 photometry and HERMES spectroscopy of the blue supergiant rho Leo: rotational wind modulation and low-frequency waves
本文用晕测光法计算了B1Iab超巨星rho Leo(HD 91316)80 d长的不间断高节奏K2光变曲线。该光变曲线揭示了$f_{\rmrot}=0.0373$ d $^{-1}$及其谐波的主频。该主频率对应于26.8d的旋转周期,并且受到幅度和相位调制。K2测光还揭示了多周期低频变异性($<1.5 $ d $^{-1}$),并与1800天期间组装的低节奏高分辨率光谱完全一致。光谱揭示旋转调制的动态非球面风的振幅约为20公里秒$^{-1}$的H $α$线,以及光球速度变化的几公里秒$^{-1}$在0.2至0.6 d $^{-1}$的范围内的频率在Si III 4567线。考虑到大的宏观湍流需要解释的谱线加宽的恒星,我们解释检测到的光球速度,由于超惯性低度大尺度重力波占主导地位的切向振幅和讨论为什么$ρ$狮子座是一个很好的目标,研究如何观察到的光球变化传播到风中。
The attempted polarity reversal and evolving magnetic environment of AD Leo
Leiden University(莱顿大学);University of Queensland(昆士兰大学);University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);Université de Toulouse(图卢兹大学);Université de Montpellier(蒙彼利埃大学);Macquarie University(麦考瑞大学)
AD Leo磁场未发生极性反转,但其大尺度磁场呈现轴对称的极性双极结构,且恒星质量损失率比太阳高一个数量级,宜居带位于阿尔芬面之外。
FAST Observations of Wave-like Structures in the Radio Dynamic Spectrum of AD Leo
Peking University(北京大学);National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家空间科学中心);ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy(荷兰射电天文研究所);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学)
HST observations of chromospheric UV lines in the AGB star R Leo
University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);East Tennessee State University(东田纳西州立大学);University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);National Solar Observatory(国家太阳观测台)
利用HST/STIS高分辨率紫外光谱和NLTE辐射传输模型,研究了Mira型AGB星R Leo中Mg II h&k线和C II]多重线的形成机制,发现脉动驱动激波塑造了其色球紫外发射线。
The Observational Anatomy of Externally Photoevaporating Planet-Forming Discs I: Atomic Carbon
我们证明了CI作为光蒸发风的示踪剂的实用性,光蒸发风是由周围的紫外线环境驱动的。通常观测到的CO线只在相对较弱的紫外线环境中追踪这些风,否则在大多数年轻恒星经历的中到高紫外线场的风中解离。然而,CI跟踪在中等UV环境中风的不微妙的运动学特征($\sim1000$ G $_0$),并且可以用于对风的运动学和温度施加约束。在CI位置-速度图中,外部光蒸发导致的速度比单独的开普勒旋转更快,并且位置-速度空间的象限中没有开普勒辐射。这与视角无关,因为风具有垂直于圆盘的方位角旋转的分量。在中间视角($\sim 30-60^\circ$)下,1阶矩图在大尺度上也表现出扭曲形态(与导致扭曲的其他过程不同,扭曲通常朝向内部椎间盘)。CI很容易用ALMA观察到,这意味着现在可以在中等紫外线环境中识别和验证外部光蒸发对行星形成盘的影响。