我们系统地研究了强自旋极化铁磁体（sFM）通过铁磁绝缘界面（FI）耦合到单态超导体（SC）的自旋分辨 Josephson 二极管效应（JDE）。所有金属部分均在适用于扩散系统的准经典 Usadel Green 函数理论框架下进行描述。这些界面通过 S 矩阵进行表征，该矩阵是针对交换矢量相对于 sFM 磁化方向指向任意方向的模型势获得的。我们的理论预测了效率超过 33% 的大型电荷 Josephson 二极管效应，以及效率为 100% 的完美自旋二极管效应。为实现这些效应，需要以下条件：(i) 系统中三个磁化矢量的非共面分布，以及 (ii) 通过强自旋极化在 sFM 中实现 spin-↑ 和 spin-↓ 能带的不同态密度。前者产生了量子几何相位 Δφ，它以与结两端的超导相位差 Δχ 非常相似的方式进入该理论。我们对这两个变量中的 Josephson 电流进行了谐波分析，并发现了 Fourier 系数之间的对称性，这允许用多个等自旋 Cooper 对跨越两个铁磁自旋能带的转移过程来进行解释。我们指出了交叉对透射过程的重要性。最后，我们研究了通过反转包含上述结的 SQUID 器件中的磁通来实现等自旋超导电流的自旋切换效应，并提出了一种测量它的方法。
英文摘要：
We present a systematic study of the spin-resolved Josephson diode effect (JDE) in strongly spin-polarized ferromagnets (sFM) coupled to singlet superconductors (SC) via ferromagnetic insulating interfaces (FI). All metallic parts are described in the framework of the quasiclassical Usadel Green's function theory applicable to diffusive systems. The interfaces are characterized by an S-matrix obtained for a model potential with exchange vectors pointing in an arbitrary direction with respect to the magnetization in the sFM. Our theory predicts a large charge Josephson diode effect with an efficiency exceeding $33\%$ and a perfect spin diode effect with $100\%$ efficiency. To achieve these the following conditions are necessary: (i) a noncoplanar profile of the three magnetization vectors in the system and (ii) different densities of states of spin-$\uparrow$ and spin-$\downarrow$ bands in the sFM achieved by a strong spin polarization. The former gives rise to the quantum-geometric phase, $Δφ$, that enters the theory in a very similar manner as the superconducting phase difference across the junction, $Δχ$. We perform a harmonic analysis of the Josephson current in both variables and find symmetries between Fourier coefficients allowing an interpretation in terms of transfer processes of multiple equal-spin Cooper pairs across the two ferromagnetic spin bands. We point out the importance of crossed pair transmission processes. Finally, we study a spin-switching effect of an equal-spin supercurrent by reversing the magnetic flux in a SQUID device incorporating the mentioned junction and propose a way for measuring it.
Gate-Switchable Josephson Diode Effect in Graphene via Magnetochiral Anisotropy
School of Optoelectronic Information Engineering, Shangrao Normal University（上饶师范学院光电信息工程学院）；School of Mathematics and Physics, Shangrao Normal University（上饶师范学院数学与物理学院）
Supercurrent spin Hall effect enabled nanopillar Josephson diodes
School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)（国家科学教育研究中心物理科学学院）；Homi Bhabha National Institute（霍米·巴巴国立研究所）；Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)（国家科学教育研究中心交叉科学中心）
Field-free Josephson diode and tunable $ϕ_0$-junction in chiral kagome antiferromagnets
Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）；Center for Correlated Matter and School of Physics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学关联物质中心与物理学院）；School of Emerging Technology, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学新兴技术学院）
Néel-Vector Control of the Josephson Diode Effect in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Antiferromagnets
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院强磁场科学中心低能量子材料与器件安徽省重点实验室）；Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院）
Controllable Josephson diode effect, $0$-$π$ transition and switch effect in the superconductor/two-dimensional Weyl nodal line semimetal/superconductor junctions
Electric Control of Polarity in Spin-Orbit Josephson Diode
Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)（浦项科技大学）；Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）；Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院复杂系统理论物理中心）；University of Tennessee（田纳西大学）；Quantum Technology Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)（韩国标准科学研究所量子技术研究所）
School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology（青岛理工大学理学院）；International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院量子材料科学中心）；Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）
Josephson diode effect via a non-equilibrium Rashba system
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子能机构先进科学研究中心）；RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)（理化学研究所 emergent matter 科学中心）
