量子Diffie-Hellman密钥交换
Quantum Diffie-Hellman key exchange
AI总结：
本研究将Diffie-Hellman密钥交换扩展至量子场景，提出基于整数与对称相干态双射映射的量子密钥交换协议，分析其在两类攻击下的安全性及实现挑战。
摘要：
Diffie-Hellman密钥交换在传统密码学中发挥着关键作用，它允许两个合法用户建立一个通常为临时的共享密钥。其安全性依赖于离散对数问题——该问题被视为一种数学单向函数，而最终密钥由两个用户的随机独立操作生成。在本研究中，我们探究了Diffie-Hellman密钥交换向量子场景的扩展，其中两个合法用户交换独立的随机量子态。所提出的协议基于整数到一组对称相干态的双射映射，我们研究了该映射可作为量子单向函数的参数区间。我们在最小错误区分攻击和光子数分裂攻击的框架下分析了其安全性，同时也讨论了该协议的性能以及实际实现中面临的挑战。
英文摘要：
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange plays a crucial role in conventional cryptography, as it allows two legitimate users to establish a common, usually ephemeral, secret key. Its security relies on the discrete-logarithm problem, which is considered to be a mathematical one-way function, while the final key is formed by random independent actions of the two users. In the present work we investigate the extension of Diffie-Hellman key exchange to the quantum setting, where the two legitimate users exchange independent random quantum states. The proposed protocol relies on the bijective mapping of integers onto a set of symmetric coherent states, and we investigate the regime of parameters for which the map behaves as a quantum one-way function. Its security is analyzed in the framework of minimum-error-discrimination and photon-number-splitting attacks, while its performance and the challenges in a possible realization are also discussed.
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