利用从头算势重新审视超流与正常液体 ${}^4$He 的性质
Revisiting the properties of superfluid and normal liquid ${}^4$He using ab initio potentials
AI总结：
该研究用路径积分蒙特卡罗和含两体至四体作用的从头算势模拟正常及超流 ${}^4$He，量化多体势贡献与不确定性，并验证能量及超流等可观测量与实验高度一致。
摘要：
我们采用路径积分蒙特卡罗模拟以及新近开发的、包含两体、三体和四体相互作用的从头算势，研究了液相 ${}^4$He 在正常相和超流相中的性质。通过以单粒子能量作为代表性可观测量为重点，我们使用微扰方法来量化多体势的各自贡献，并系统地传播其相关不确定性。我们的研究结果表明，三体势和四体势对总能量的贡献分别约为 4% 和 0.4%。然而，实现高精度第一性原理计算的主要限制来自四体势的不确定性，该不确定性目前在传播后的不确定性中占主导地位。除单粒子能量外，我们还分析了其他关键可观测量，包括超流分数、凝聚分数和对分布函数，所有这些均与实验测量结果表现出极好的一致性。
英文摘要：
We investigate the properties of liquid ${}^4$He in both the normal and superfluid phases using path integral Monte Carlo simulations and recently developed ab initio potentials that incorporate pair, three-body, and four-body interactions. By focusing on the energy per particle as a representative observable, we use a perturbative approach to quantify the individual contributions of the many-body potentials and systematically propagate their associated uncertainties. Our findings indicate that the three-body and four-body potentials contribute to the total energy by approximately 4% and 0.4%, respectively. However, the primary limitation in achieving highly accurate first-principles calculations arises from the uncertainty in the four-body potential, which currently dominates the propagated uncertainty. In addition to the energy per particle, we analyze other key observables, including the superfluid fraction, condensed fraction, and pair distribution function, all of which demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental measurements.
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