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arXiv 2501.04849quant-ph
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扩展 Hong–Ou–Mandel 效应的考察及实验探测考量

An examination of the extended Hong-Ou-Mandel effect and considerations for experimental detection

Paul M. Alsing, Richard J. Birrittella

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14 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2410.11800
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AI总结：

本文从成对镜像振幅抵消角度图示解释 eHOM 效应，并分析单光子与相干态干涉下，受探测效率、模式函数和时延影响的实验探测方案。

摘要：

在近期工作中，我们研究了著名的双光子 Hong–Ou–Mandel（HOM）效应的一种多光子扩展；在双光子 HOM 效应中，输入无损、平衡 50:50 分束器（BS）的双光子量子振幅会发生完全相消干涉。在扩展 Hong–Ou–Mandel（eHOM）效应中，对于 Fock 数基矢输入态（FS）$|n,m\ angle_{12}$，光子从分束器两个输入端口到两个输出端口的多光子散射，在包含许多散射分量的量子振幅内成对表现出完全相消干涉，从而推广了双光子 HOM 效应。这对由此类基矢态构造的任意双组分光子输入态具有深远意义：如果分束器一个输入端口的输入态具有奇数奇偶性，即仅由奇数个光子构成，那么无论第二个 50:50 分束器端口的输入态如何，沿符合探测主对角线的联合输出概率分布中都会出现一条由零点构成的中心节线（CNL）。本文的第一个目标是以图示方式说明，当把多光子 HOM 效应视为镜像散射振幅的成对抵消时，扩展 HOM 效应如何可被看作一连串多光子 HOM 效应。本文的第二个目标是探讨实验实现扩展 Hong–Ou–Mandel 效应所需考虑的因素。我们考察单个光子与相干态（理想化激光）在平衡 50:50 分束器上干涉的情形，并通过纳入额外效应——例如非理想探测效率、时空模式函数以及被探测输出光子之间的时间延迟——来考虑实验探测输出端相消干涉的前景。

英文摘要：

In recent works we have explored a multi-photon extension of the celebrated two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which the quantum amplitudes for a two-photon input to a lossless, balanced 50:50 beamsplitter (BS) undergoes complete destructive interference. In the extended Hong-Ou-Mandel (eHOM) effect the multi-photon scattering of photons from the two input ports to the two output ports of the BS for Fock number basis input states (FS) $|n,m\rangle_{12}$ exhibit complete destructive interference pairwise within the quantum amplitudes containing many scattering components, generalizing the two-photon HOM effect. This has profound implications for arbitrary bipartite photonic input states constructed from such basis states: if the input state to one input port of the BS is of odd parity, i.e. constructed from only of odd numbers of photons, then regardless of the input state to the second 50:50 BS port, there will be a central nodal line (CNL) of zeros in the joint output probability distribution along the main diagonal for coincidence detection. The first goal of this present work is to show diagrammatically how the extended HOM effect can be seen as a succession of multi-photon HOM effects when the latter is viewed as a pairwise cancellation of mirror image scattering amplitudes. The second goal of this work is to explore considerations for the experimental realization of the extended Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. We examine the case of a single photon interfering with a coherent state (an idealized laser) on a balanced 50:50 beamsplitter and consider prospects for experimental detection of the output destructive interference by including additional effects such as imperfect detection efficiency, spatio-temporal mode functions, and time delay between the detected output photons.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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