从代码到合规：评估ChatGPT在设计无障碍网页中的效用——一项案例研究
From Code to Compliance: Assessing ChatGPT's Utility in Designing an Accessible Webpage -- A Case Study
AI总结：
本研究通过案例评估ChatGPT（GPT-4o）在无障碍网页设计中的表现，发现其在简单问题上有效，但复杂任务仍需人工干预，并证明结合截图和结构化提示的提示工程能显著提升其无障碍修复能力。
摘要：
网络无障碍确保残障人士能够无障碍地访问和交互数字内容，然而大多数最常使用的网站未能达到无障碍标准。本研究评估了ChatGPT（GPT-4o）在依据《网页内容无障碍指南》（WCAG）生成和改进网页方面的能力。虽然ChatGPT在收到提示时能够有效解决无障碍问题，但其默认生成的代码往往缺乏合规性，这反映了其训练数据的局限性以及当前普遍存在的不可访问的网页实践。自动化和手动测试显示，ChatGPT在解决简单问题方面具有优势，但在处理复杂任务时面临挑战，需要人工监督和额外的迭代。与以往研究不同，我们引入了手动评估、动态元素，并利用ChatGPT的视觉推理能力以及提示来修复无障碍问题。在提示中附带截图能够增强大语言模型解决无障碍问题的能力，使其能够分析周围组件，例如确定合适的对比色。我们发现，有效的提示工程，例如提供简洁、结构化的反馈并结合视觉辅助，能显著提升ChatGPT的性能。这些发现揭示了大语言模型在无障碍网页开发中的潜力和局限性，为开发者创建更具包容性的网站提供了实用指导。
英文摘要：
Web accessibility ensures that individuals with disabilities can access and interact with digital content without barriers, yet a significant majority of most used websites fail to meet accessibility standards. This study evaluates ChatGPT's (GPT-4o) ability to generate and improve web pages in line with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). While ChatGPT can effectively address accessibility issues when prompted, its default code often lacks compliance, reflecting limitations in its training data and prevailing inaccessible web practices. Automated and manual testing revealed strengths in resolving simple issues but challenges with complex tasks, requiring human oversight and additional iterations. Unlike prior studies, we incorporate manual evaluation, dynamic elements, and use the visual reasoning capability of ChatGPT along with the prompts to fix accessibility issues. Providing screenshots alongside prompts enhances the LLM's ability to address accessibility issues by allowing it to analyze surrounding components, such as determining appropriate contrast colors. We found that effective prompt engineering, such as providing concise, structured feedback and incorporating visual aids, significantly enhances ChatGPT's performance. These findings highlight the potential and limitations of large language models for accessible web development, offering practical guidance for developers to create more inclusive websites.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
