对SPT-CLJ2325$-$4111和SPT-CLJ0049$-$2440的强引力透镜分析：来自SPT星系团样本的两台强大宇宙望远镜（$R_E > 40''$）
Strong Lensing analysis of SPT-CLJ2325$-$4111 and SPT-CLJ0049$-$2440, two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes ($R_E > 40''$) from the SPT Clusters Sample
AI总结：
本文利用HST多波段成像与Magellan光谱，为两个大爱因斯坦半径SPT星系团建立精确强透镜模型，测定质量、子晕比和高放大率面积，提供可媲美Frontier Fields的宇宙望远镜。
摘要：
我们报告了对两个大质量（$M_{500c} > 6.0 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}$）强引力透镜星系团的研究结果，它们因具有大爱因斯坦半径（$R_E > 40''$）而从南极望远镜（South Pole Telescope）星系团巡天中选出，即SPT-CLJ2325$-$4111和SPT-CLJ0049$-$2440。地面成像和浅场HST成像显示这些天区存在广泛的强引力透镜证据，其中分别有跨越18角秒和31角秒的巨大光弧，这促使进一步开展天基成像后续观测。在这里，我们展示这些天区的多波段HST成像和地面Magellan光谱，并据此编制详细的强引力透镜模型。SPT-CL\\,J2325$-$4111和SPT-CL\\,J0049$-$2440的透镜模型分别使用9个和8个可靠的多重成像系统进行优化，最终像平面均方根（rms）分别为0\farcs63和0\farcs73。通过透镜分析，我们测得这两个星系团在500 kpc内的投影质量密度分别为$M(<500~{\rm kpc}) = 7.30\pm0.07 \times 10^{14}M_{\odot}$和$M(<500~{\rm kpc})=7.12^{+0.16}_{-0.19}\times 10^{14}M_{\odot}$，子晕质量比分别为$0.12\pm{0.01}$和$0.21^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$。对于位于$z=9$的源，两个星系团都产生了高放大率（$\mu\geq3$）的大区域，$A^{lens}_{|\mu|\geq3}$分别为$4.93^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$角分$^2$和$3.64^{+0.14}_{-0.10}$角分$^2$，使其跻身强引力透镜星系团的最高层级。我们得出结论：这些星系团是用于进一步观测的极佳视线，将降低由宇宙方差导致的系统不确定性。本文向社区提供了另外两台经过良好校准、与Frontier Fields同样强大的宇宙望远镜，适用于研究被高度放大的背景宇宙。
英文摘要：
We report the results from a study of two massive ($M_{500c} > 6.0 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}$) strong lensing clusters selected from the South Pole Telescope cluster survey for their high Einstein radius ($R_E > 40''$), SPT-CLJ2325$-$4111 and SPT-CLJ0049$-$2440. Ground-based and shallow HST imaging indicated extensive strong lensing evidence in these fields, with giant arcs spanning 18\arcsec\ and 31\arcsec, respectively, motivating further space-based imaging followup. Here, we present multiband HST imaging and ground-based Magellan spectroscopy of the fields, from which we compile detailed strong lensing models. The lens models of SPT-CL\,J2325$-$4111 and SPT-CL\,J0049$-$2440 were optimized using 9, and 8 secure multiple-imaged systems with a final image-plane rms of 0\farcs63 and 0\farcs73, respectively. From the lensing analysis, we measure the projected mass density within 500~kpc of $M(<500 ~{\rm kpc}) = 7.30\pm0.07 \times 10^{14}$$M_{\odot}$, and $M(<500 ~{\rm kpc})=7.12^{+0.16}_{-0.19}\times 10^{14}$ $M_{\odot}$ for these two clusters, and a sub-halos mass ratio of $0.12\pm{0.01}$ and $0.21^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$, respectively. Both clusters produce a large area with high magnification ($μ\geq 3$) for a source at $z=9$, $A^{lens}_{| μ| \geq 3 }=4.93^{+0.03}_{-0.04} arcmin^2$, and $A^{lens}_{| μ| \geq 3 }=3.64^{+0.14}_{-0.10} arcmin^2$ respectively, placing them in the top tier of strong lensing clusters. We conclude that these clusters are spectacular sightlines for further observations that will reduce the systematic uncertainties due to cosmic variance. This paper provides the community with two additional well-calibrated cosmic telescopes, as strong as the Frontier Fields, suitable for studies of the highly magnified background Universe.
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