The advancement of magnonics has facilitated the utilization of hybrid magnetic systems in quantum technologies. A hybrid magnetic lattice formed by an array of superconducting loops and magnetic particles has been devised as a quantum bus to disseminate quantum resources among magnetic quantum entities serving as nodes of a quantum network. However, the lattice also exerts a decoherence effect on the quantum entities, which impairs its practical performance. By studying the non-Markovian dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy centers and magnon modes coupled to two independent hybrid magnetic lattices, we propose a Floquet-engineering scheme via periodic driving on the quantum entities to suppress decoherence. We find that significant steady-state entanglement is preserved when a Floquet bound state exists in the quasienergy spectrum of the system consisting of each driven quantum entity and its lattice. This result enables a precise manipulation of hybrid magnetic systems and benefits their applications in quantum networks.
Properties of time-periodic Hamiltonians can be exploited to increase the dephasing time of qubits and to design protected one and two-qubit gates. Recently, Huang et al. [Phys. Rev. Applied 15, 034065 (2021)] have shown that time-dependent Floquet states offer a manifold of working points with dynamical protection larger than the few usual static sweet spots. Here, we use the framework of many-mode Floquet theory to describe approaches to robustly control Floquet qubits in the presence of multiple drive tones. Following the same approach, we introduce a longitudinal readout protocol to measur…
The light propagating in a waveguide array or photonic lattice has become an ideal platform to control light and to mimic quantum behaviors in a classical system. We here investigate the propagation of light in a coupled waveguide array with one of the waveguides periodically modulated in its geometric structure or refractive index. Within the framework of Floquet theory, it is interesting to find that the light shows the localized propagation in the modulated waveguide as long as bound quasistationary modes are formed in the band-gap area of the Floquet eigenvalue spectrum. This mechanism giv…
As an energy storing and converting device near atomic size, a quantum battery (QB) promises enhanced charging power and extractable work using quantum resources. However, the ubiquitous decoherence causes its cyclic charging-storing-discharging process to become deactivated, which is called aging of the QB. Here, we propose a mechanism to overcome the aging of a QB. It is found that the decoherence of the QB is suppressed when two Floquet bound states (FBSs) are formed in the quasienergy spectrum of the total system consisting of the QB-charger setup and their respective environments. As long…
Operator spreading, often characterized by out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), is one of the central concepts in quantum many-body physics. However, measuring OTOCs is experimentally challenging due to the requirement of reversing the time evolution of systems. Here we apply Floquet engineering to investigate operator spreading in a superconducting 10-qubit chain. Floquet engineering provides an effective way to tune the coupling strength between nearby qubits, which is used to demonstrate quantum walks with tunable couplings, reversed time evolution, and the measurement of OTOCs. A clear l…
We explore the edge defects induced by spin-spin interaction in a finite paradigmatic Heisenberg spin chain. By introducing a gradient magnetic field and a periodically-modulated spin-exchange strength, the resonance between modulation frequency and magnetic field gradient can also induce asymmetric defects at the edges, dubbed as Floquet-Wannier-Zeeman edge defects. The interplay between these two types of edge defects allows us to manipulate the magnon edge states from an isolated band into a continuum one. In the high-frequency regime, we analytically derive effective models to interpret th…
Floquet engineering, modulating quantum systems in a time periodic way, lies at the central part for realizing novel topological dynamical states. Thanks to the Floquet engineering, various new realms on experimentally simulating topological materials have emerged. Conventional Floquet engineering, however, only applies to time periodic non-dissipative Hermitian systems, and for the quantum systems in reality, non-Hermitian process with dissipation usually occurs. So far, it remains unclear how to characterize topological phases of periodically driven non-Hermitian systems via the frequency sp…
Considering the example of superconducting circuits, we show how Floquet engineering can be combined with reservoir engineering for the controlled preparation of target states. Floquet engineering refers to the control of a quantum system by means of time-periodic forcing, typically in the high-frequency regime, so that the system is governed effectively by a time-independent Floquet Hamiltonian with novel interesting properties. Reservoir engineering, on the other hand, can be achieved in superconducting circuits by coupling a system of artificial atoms (or qubits) dispersively to pumped leak…
The formalism of continuous-time quantum walks on graphs has been widely used in the study of quantum transport of energy and information, as well as in the development of quantum algorithms. In experimental settings, however, there is limited control over the coupling coefficients between the different nodes of the graph (which are usually considered to be real-valued), thereby restricting the types of quantum walks that can be implemented. In this work, we apply the idea of Floquet engineering in the context of continuous-time quantum walks, i.e., we define periodically-driven Hamiltonians w…
Gauge magnetic fields have a close relation to breaking time-reversal symmetry in condensed matter. In the present of the gauge fields, we might observe nonreciprocal and topological transport. Inspired by these, there is a growing effort to realize exotic transport phenomena in optical and acoustic systems. However, due to charge neutrality, realizing analog magnetic flux for phonons in nanoscale systems is still challenging in both theoretical and experimental studies. Here we propose a novel mechanism to generate synthetic magnetic field for phonon lattice by Floquet engineering auxiliary q…
The most typical ingredient of topologically protected quantum states are magnetic fluxes. In a system of spins, complex-valued interaction parameters give rise to a flux, if their phases do not add up to zero along a closed loop. Here we apply periodic driving, a powerful tool for quantum engineering, to a trapped-ion quantum simulator in order to generate such spin-spin interactions. We consider a simple driving scheme, consisting of a repeated series of locally quenched fields, and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by studying the dynamics of a small system. An emblematic hallmar…
We experimentally realized a time-periodically modulated 1D lattice for ultracold atoms featuring a pair of linear bands, each associated with a Floquet winding number: a topological invariant. These bands are spin-momentum locked and almost perfectly linear everywhere in the Brillouin zone (BZ), making this system a near-ideal realization of the 1D Dirac Hamiltonian. We characterized the Floquet winding number using a form of quantum state tomography, covering the BZ and following the micromotion through one Floquet period. Lastly, we altered the modulation timing to lift the topological prot…
Collective Floquet engineering between two distant superconducting artificial atoms
National Tsing Hua University（国立清华大学）；Central South University（中南大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；National Taiwan University（国立台湾大学）；National Chung Cheng University（国立中正大学）
A primer on the Floquet theory of periodically time-dependent quantum systems is provided, and it is shown how to apply this framework for computing the quasienergy band structure governing the dynamics of ultracold atoms in driven optical cosine lattices. Such systems are viewed here as spatially and temporally periodic structures living in an extended Hilbert space, giving rise to spatio-temporal Bloch waves whose dispersion relations can be manipulated at will by exploiting ac-Stark shifts and multiphoton resonances. The elements required for numerical calculations are introduced in a tutor…
Engineering a Quantum Thermal Diode with Floquet Driving
Lahore University of Management Sciences（拉合尔管理科学大学）；Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology（吉拉姆·伊沙克汗工程科学与技术学院）；National Center for Quantum Computing, University of Engineering and Technology Narowal（纳罗瓦尔工程技术大学国家量子计算中心）
Floquet engineering is the concept of tailoring a system by a periodic drive. It has been very successful in opening new classes of Hamiltonians to the study with ultracold atoms in optical lattices, such as artificial gauge fields, topological band structures and density-dependent tunneling. Furthermore, driven systems provide new physics without static counterpart such as anomalous Floquet topological insulators. In this review article, we provide an overview of the exciting developments in the field and discuss the current challenges and perspectives.
We study Floquet engineering of the tunnel coupling between a pair of one-dimensional bosonic quasi-condensates in a tilted double-well potential. By modulating the energy difference between the two wells, we re-establish tunnel coupling and precisely control its amplitude and phase. This allows us to initiate coherence between two initially uncorrelated Bose gases and prepare different initial states in the emerging sine-Gordon Hamiltonian. We fully characterize the Floquet system and study the dependence of both equilibrium properties and relaxation on the modulation.
We demonstrate the emergence of a non-equilibrium superradiant phase in the dissipative Rabi-Dicke model. This phase is characterized by a photonic steady state that oscillates with a frequency close to the cavity frequency, in contrast to the constant photonic steady state of the equilibrium superradiant phase in the Dicke model. We relate this superradiant phase to the population inversion of Floquet states by introducing a Schwinger representation of the driven two-level systems in the cavity. This inversion is depleted near Floquet energies that are resonant with the cavity frequency to su…
Controlling interactions is the key element for quantum engineering of many-body systems. Using time-periodic driving, a naturally given many-body Hamiltonian of a closed quantum system can be transformed into an effective target Hamiltonian exhibiting vastly different dynamics. We demonstrate such Floquet engineering with a system of spins represented by Rydberg states in an ultracold atomic gas. Applying a sequence of spin manipulations, we change the symmetry properties of the effective Heisenberg XYZ Hamiltonian. As a consequence, the relaxation behavior of the total spin is drastically mo…
Synthesizing Arbitrary Non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with Stochastic Floquet Engineering
College of Science, NUDT（国防科技大学理学院）；Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University（天津大学理学院量子联合研究中心与物理系）；Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University（湖南师范大学物理系）
Floquet dynamical quantum phase transitions (FDQPTs) are signified by recurrent nonanalytic behaviors of observables in time. In this work, we introduce a quench-free and generic approach to engineer and control FDQPTs for both pure and mixed Floquet states. By applying time-periodic modulations with two commensurate driving frequencies to a general class of spin chain model, we find multiple FDQPTs within each driving period. The nonanalytic cusps of return probability form sublattice structures in time domain. Notably, the number and time-locations of these cusps can be flexibly controlled b…
In Hermitian topological systems, the bulk-boundary correspondence strictly constraints boundary transport to values determined by the topological properties of the bulk. We demonstrate that this constraint can be lifted in non-Hermitian Floquet insulators. Provided that the insulator supports an anomalous topological phase, non-Hermiticity allows us to modify the boundary states independently of the bulk, without sacrificing their topological nature. We explore the ensuing possibilities for a Floquet topological insulator with non-Hermitian time-reversal symmetry, where the helical transport …
We consider an ensemble of ultracold bosonic atoms within a near-planar cavity, driven by a far detuned laser whose phase is modulated at a frequency comparable to the transverse cavity mode spacing. We show that a strong, dispersive atom-photon coupling can be reached for many transverse cavity modes at once. The resulting Floquet polaritons involve a superposition of a set of cavity modes with a density excitation of the atomic cloud. The mutual interactions between these modes lead to distinct avoided crossings between the polaritons. Increasing the laser drive intensity, a low-lying multim…
Floquet engineering provides a toolbox for the realization of novel quantum phases without static counterparts, while conventionally the realization may rely on the manipulation of complex temporal evolution. Here we propose a systematic and high-precision scheme to realize unconventional Floquet topological phases by engineering local band structures in particular momentum subspace called band inversion surfaces (BISs). This scheme is based on a new bulk-boundary correspondence that for a class of generic $d$-dimensional periodically driven systems, the local topological structure formed in e…
We present an experimental proposal to tune the effective lattice structure in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers with time-periodic Floquet drive. We show that elliptically polarized light with sub-terahertz frequencies $\hbarω\sim 1$ meV and moderate electric fields $E\sim0.2$~MV/cm allows tuning between the native triangular lattice and a square lattice, while linearly polarized light enables dimensional reduction to a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. Without drive, these twisted TMDs simulate the single band Fermi-Hubbard model; we show that this approximation stil…
Time-periodic driving in the form of coherent radiation provides powerful tool for the manipulation of topological materials or synthetic quantum matter. In this paper we propose a scheme to realize non-Hermitian semimetals exhibiting exceptional rings in the spectra through Floquet engineering. A transition from a concentric pair of the rings to a dipolar pair is observed. The concentric pair carries only a quantized Berry phase while the dipolar pair possesses opposite Chern numbers in addition, signaling a topological Lifshitz transition of the Fermi surface. The transport properties of the…
We show how second-order Floquet engineering can be employed to realize systems in which many-body localization coexists with topological properties in a driven system. This allows one to implement and dynamically control a topologically-protected qubit even at high energies. Floquet engineering - the idea that a periodically driven non-equilibrium system can effectively emulate the physics of a different Hamiltonian - is used to simulate an ffective three-body interaction among spins in one dimension, using time-dependent two-body interactions only. In the effective system emulated topology a…
This work provides a convenient and powerful means towards the engineering of Floquet bands via Bloch oscillations, by adding a tilted linear potential to periodically driven lattice systems. The added linear field not only restricts the spreading of a time-evolving wavepacket but also, depending on the ratio between the Bloch oscillation frequency and the modulation frequency of the periodic driving, dramatically modifies the band profile and topology. Specifically, we consider a driven Aubry-André-Harper model as a working example, in the presence of a linear field. Almost flat Floquet bands…
Time-periodic driving fields could endow a system with peculiar topological and transport features. In this work, we find dynamically controlled localization transitions and mobility edges in non-Hermitian quasicrystals via shaking the lattice periodically. The driving force dresses the hopping amplitudes between lattice sites, yielding alternate transitions between localized, mobility edge and extended non-Hermitian quasicrystalline phases. We apply our Floquet engineering approach to five representative models of non-Hermitian quasicrystals, obtain the conditions of photon-assisted localizat…
Floquet Majorana Fermions appear as steady states at the boundary of time-periodic topological phases of matter. In this work, we theoretically study the main features of these exotic topological phases in the periodically driven one-dimensional Kitaev model. By controlling the ac fields, we can predict new topological phase transitions that should give rise to signatures of Majorana states in experiments. Moreover, the knowledge of the time-dependence of these Majorana states allows one to manipulate them. Our work contains a complete analysis of the monochromatic driving in different frequen…
Counterdiabatic (CD) driving presents a way of generating adiabatic dynamics at arbitrary pace, where excitations due to non-adiabaticity are exactly compensated by adding an auxiliary driving term to the Hamiltonian. While this CD term is theoretically known and given by the adiabatic gauge potential, obtaining and implementing this potential in many-body systems is a formidable task, requiring knowledge of the spectral properties of the instantaneous Hamiltonians and control of highly nonlocal multibody interactions. We show how an approximate gauge potential can be systematically built up a…
Proposal for realizing quantum-spin systems on a two-dimensional square lattice with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction by Floquet engineering using Rydberg atoms
In this letter we analyze an optical Fabry-Pérot resonator as a time-periodic driving of the (2D) optical field repeatedly traversing the resonator, uncovering that resonator twist produces a synthetic magnetic field applied to the light within the resonator, while mirror aberrations produce relativistic dynamics, anharmonic trapping, and spacetime curvature. We develop a Floquet formalism to compute the effective Hamiltonian for the 2D field, generalizing the idea that the intra-cavity optical field corresponds to an ensemble of non-interacting, massive, harmonically trapped particles. This w…
It is generally believed that non-Hermiticity can transform Weyl semimetals into Weyl-exceptional-ring semimetals. However, this belief is from the systems without skin effect. We investigate the non-Hermitian Weyl semimental and its Floquet engineering in a system with skin effect, which breaks the bulk-boundary correspondence in its Hermitian counterpart. It is found in both the static and periodically driven cases that the skin effect makes this general belief no longer valid. We discover that exotic non-Hermitian topological matters, e.g., a composite phase of Weyl semimetal and topologica…
We discuss Floquet engineering of dissipative molecular systems through periodic driving of an infrared-active vibrational transition, either directly or via a cavity mode. Following a polaron quantum Langevin equations approach, we derive correlation functions and stationary quantities showing strongly modified optical response of the infrared-dressed molecule. The coherent excitation of molecular vibrational modes, in combination with the modulation of electronic degrees of freedom due to vibronic coupling can lead to both enhanced vibronic coherence as well as control over vibrational sideb…
Recent progresses on Floquet topological phases have shed new light on time-dependant quantum systems, among which one-dimensional (1D) Floquet systems have been under extensive theoretical research. However, an unambiguous experimental observation of these 1D Floquet topological phases has still been lacking. Here, by periodically bending ultrathin metallic arrays of coupled corrugated waveguides, a photonic Floquet simulator was well designed and successfully fabricated to simulate the periodically driven Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Intriguingly, under moderate driven frequencies, we first e…
The quest to realize novel phases of matter with topological order is an important pursuit with implications for strongly correlated physics and quantum information. Utilizing ideas from state-of-the-art coherent control of artificial quantum systems such as superconducting circuits, we present a proposal to realize bosonic fractional quantum Hall physics on small lattices by creating nearly flat topological bands using staggered flux patterns. Fingerprints of fractionalization through charge pumping can be observed with nearly perfect quantization using as few as 24 lattice sites (two photons…
It is of theoretical and experimental interest to engineer topological phases with very large topological invariants via periodic driving. As advocated by this work, such Floquet engineering can be elegantly achieved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique from the swarm intelligence family. With the recognition that conventional gradient-based optimization approaches are not suitable for directly optimizing topological invariants as integers, the highly effective PSO route yields new promises in the search for exotic topological phases, requiring limited physical resource. Our resu…
