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超大质量黑洞最内层轨道附近的毫赫兹振荡

Millihertz Oscillations Near the Innermost Orbit of a Supermassive Black Hole

Megan Masterson, Erin Kara, Christos Panagiotou, William N. Alston, Joheen Chakraborty, Kevin Burdge, Claudio Ricci, Sibasish Laha, Iair Arcavi, Riccardo Arcodi… 展开作者

Megan Masterson, Erin Kara, Christos Panagiotou, William N. Alston, Joheen Chakraborty, Kevin Burdge, Claudio Ricci, Sibasish Laha, Iair Arcavi, Riccardo Arcodia, S. Bradley Cenko, Andrew C. Fabian, Javier A. García, Margherita Giustini, Adam Ingram, Peter Kosec, Michael Loewenstein, Eileen T. Meyer, Giovanni Miniutti, Ciro Pinto, Ronald A. Remillard, Dev R. Sadaula, Onic I. Shuvo, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Jingyi Wang

AI总结:

本文报告在超大质量黑洞1ES 1927+654中发现周期从18分钟缩短至7.1分钟的毫赫兹准周期振荡,其演化特征无法被现有轨道衰减或不稳定性模型完全解释,未来LISA有望探测其引力波辐射。

摘要:

时域巡天的最新发现正在颠覆我们对物质如何吸积到超大质量黑洞(SMBHs)上的预期。围绕SMBHs的短时标、重复性事件的发生率不断上升,包括新发现的准周期性爆发(QPEs),进一步激发了人们对SMBHs周围的恒星质量伴星以及毫赫兹频率引力波事件前身天体的兴趣。在此,我们报告在活跃吸积的超大质量黑洞1ES 1927+654中发现了一个高度显著的毫赫兹准周期振荡(QPO),该黑洞自2018年开始经历了一次大规模的光学、紫外和X射线爆发。该QPO于2022年首次被探测到,周期约为18分钟,对应的相干运动尺度小于10个引力半径,比典型的QPEs更靠近SMBH。在两年内,周期缩短至7.1分钟,且周期演化呈减速趋势($\ddot{P} > 0$)。这种演化在SMBH QPOs或恒星质量黑洞的高频QPOs中从未被观测到。援引恒星质量伴星轨道衰减的模型难以解释这种周期演化,除非存在稳定的质量转移来抵消角动量损失;同时,由于缺乏与恒星质量黑洞QPOs的直接对应物,许多不稳定性模型无法解释1ES 1927+654中QPO的全部观测特征。未来的X射线监测将检验这些模型,如果它确实是一个恒星质量轨道天体,激光干涉仪空间天线(LISA)应能探测到其低频引力波辐射。

英文摘要:

Recent discoveries from time-domain surveys are defying our expectations for how matter accretes onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The increased rate of short-timescale, repetitive events around SMBHs, including the newly-discovered quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs), are garnering further interest in stellar-mass companions around SMBHs and the progenitors to mHz frequency gravitational wave events. Here we report the discovery of a highly significant mHz Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) in an actively accreting SMBH, 1ES 1927+654, which underwent a major optical, UV, and X-ray outburst beginning in 2018. The QPO was first detected in 2022 with a roughly 18-minute period, corresponding to coherent motion on scales of less than 10 gravitational radii, much closer to the SMBH than typical QPEs. The period decreased to 7.1 minutes over two years with a decelerating period evolution ($\ddot{P} > 0$). This evolution has never been seen in SMBH QPOs or high-frequency QPOs in stellar mass black holes. Models invoking orbital decay of a stellar-mass companion struggle to explain the period evolution without stable mass transfer to offset angular momentum losses, while the lack of a direct analog to stellar mass black hole QPOs means that many instability models cannot explain all of the observed properties of the QPO in 1ES 1927+654. Future X-ray monitoring will test these models, and if it is a stellar-mass orbiter, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should detect its low-frequency gravitational wave emission.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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