原子量子接收器中的非线性：谐波失真与互调失真
Non-Linearities In Atomic Quantum Receivers: Harmonic And Intermodulation Distortion
AI总结：
该研究针对里德伯原子射频接收器的非线性特性，通过单音、双音测试表征了其谐波与互调失真等多项性能指标，发现其在合适条件下失真抑制效果优于经典器件，并提出可利用其独特非线性实现安全通信应用。
摘要：
里德伯传感器为射频（RF）检测提供了一种独特方法，它利用高激发原子态的高灵敏度和量子特性，实现超越经典技术的性能水平。里德伯原子接收器的非线性响应和失真特性，对于评估和建立无杂散动态范围、对无用干扰信号的容忍度等性能指标与能力至关重要。本文报道了里德伯原子外差接收器非线性行为和杂散响应的测量与表征研究。研究开发并实施了单音和双音测试程序，基于多光子里德伯光谱学以及原子蒸气中的射频外差信号检测与解调，测量里德伯原子接收器的谐波失真和互调失真。针对一组预设的原子接收器参数，以及与铯里德伯跃迁近共振的SHF频段射频载波，我们测量并表征了原子接收器的选择性、带宽、滚降、压缩点（P1dB）、二阶截点（IP2）、三阶截点（IP3）以及无杂散动态范围。针对干扰信号波相对于近共振参考本振施加在两个频率偏移处的情况，表征了接收器的互调失真，两个偏移分别对应6dB单音带宽下的ΔF/F=10⁻⁴和22dB单音带宽下的ΔF/F=10⁻⁶。我们观察到，在合适的工作条件下，与经典接收器混频放大器相比，该原子接收器可表现出对谐波失真和互调失真的抑制作用。最后，我们阐述了原子接收器的非线性特性如何提供经典同类器件无法实现的独特、可控的射频特征，并提出利用这些特性实现安全通信模式与应用的构想。
英文摘要：
Rydberg sensors offer a unique approach to radio frequency (RF) detection, leveraging the high sensitivity and quantum properties of highly-excited atomic states to achieve performance levels beyond classical technologies. Non-linear responses and distortion behavior in Rydberg atom receivers are critical to evaluating and establishing performance metrics and capabilities such as spur-free dynamic range and tolerance to unwanted interfering signals. We report here on the measurement and characterization of non-linear behavior and spurious response of a Rydberg atomic heterodyne receiver. Single-tone and two-tone testing procedures are developed and implemented for measurement of harmonic and inter-modulation distortion in Rydberg atomic receivers based on multi-photon Rydberg spectroscopy and radio-frequency heterodyne signal detection and demodulation in an atomic vapor. For a predetermined set of atomic receiver parameters and RF carrier wave in the SHF band near-resonant to a cesium Rydberg transition, we measure and characterize atomic receiver selectivity, bandwidth, roll-off, compression point (P1dB), second-order (IP2) and third-order (IP3) intercepts, and spur-free dynamic range. Receiver intermodulation distortion is characterized for the case of an interfering signal wave applied at two frequency offsets relative to the near-resonant reference local oscillator, $ΔF/F= 10^{-4}$ at 6dB and $10^{-6}$ at 22dB single-tone bandwidths, respectively. We observe that under suitable operating conditions the atomic receiver can exhibit a suppression of harmonic and inter-modulation distortion relative to that of classical receiver mixer amplifiers. Finally, we describe how the non-linear behaviors of atomic receivers can provide unique, controllable RF signatures inaccessible by classical counterparts and propose their use to realize secure communication modalities and applications.
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