活性物质作为生物膜对电场异常敏感性的基础机制
Active matter as the underpinning agency for extraordinary sensitivity of biological membranes to electric fields
AI总结：
本文提出非平衡统计力学模型，揭示活性物质如何使生物膜能检测极低电场，从而解释生物膜对电场异常敏感性的机制。
摘要：
电场与生物细胞的相互作用对于许多生理过程至关重要。细胞环境中的热电噪声长期以来被认为是最小检测电信号的阈值。然而，有强有力的实验证据表明，某些细胞和生物体感知的最小电场强度比基于平衡考虑的热电噪声极限低多个数量级。我们通过提出一个非平衡统计力学模型来解释这一矛盾，该模型用于主动电磁膜，并假设活动性在调节生物膜能检测的最小电场中起作用。活性膜含有利用外部能量源执行特定功能并推动膜远离平衡的蛋白质。我们模型的核心思想是，不同的来源赋予的活性机制使膜能够感知和响应基于平衡统计力学被认为不可检测的电场。我们的活性膜模型能够通过改变活动性来重现文献中不同的实验数据。阐明活性物质如何调节细胞对电信号的敏感性可以为生理和病理过程的深入理解开辟新的途径。
英文摘要：
Interaction of electric fields with biological cells is indispensable for many physiological processes. Thermal electrical noise in the cellular environment has long been considered as the minimum threshold for detection of electrical signals by cells. However, there is compelling experimental evidence that the minimum electric field sensed by certain cells and organisms is many orders of magnitude weaker than the thermal electrical noise limit estimated purely under equilibrium considerations. We resolve this discrepancy by proposing a non-equilibrium statistical mechanics model for active electromechanical membranes and hypothesize the role of activity in modulating the minimum electrical field that can be detected by a biological membrane. Active membranes contain proteins that use external energy sources to carry out specific functions and drive the membrane away from equilibrium. The central idea behind our model is that active mechanisms, attributed to different sources, endow the membrane with the ability to sense and respond to electric fields that are deemed undetectable based on equilibrium statistical mechanics. Our model for active membranes is capable of reproducing different experimental data available in the literature by varying the activity. Elucidating how active matter can modulate the sensitivity of cells to electric signals can open avenues for a deeper understanding of physiological and pathological processes.
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