RareAgents：面向罕见病诊断与治疗的自主多学科团队
RareAgents: Autonomous Multi-disciplinary Team for Rare Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
AI总结：
本文提出RareAgents，首个面向罕见病诊疗的LLM多学科智能体团队，通过MDT协调、记忆与工具利用，在诊断治疗上超越GPT-4o等现有方法，并贡献新数据集MIMIC-IV-Ext-Rare。
AI中文摘要：
罕见病尽管单一病种发病率低，但由于病种数量庞大，全球累计受影响人数约为3亿。多器官、多系统受累以及具备相关经验的专科医生短缺，使得罕见病的诊断和治疗比常见病更具挑战性。近年来，由大语言模型（LLMs）驱动的智能体在多个领域展现出显著应用价值。在医疗领域，一些智能体方法在医学考试问答任务中已优于直接提示方法。然而，现有智能体框架尚不能很好地适应真实临床场景，尤其是涉及罕见病复杂需求的场景。为弥合这一差距，我们提出了RareAgents，这是首个由大语言模型驱动的多学科团队决策支持工具，专门针对罕见病复杂临床情境设计。RareAgents整合了先进的多学科团队（MDT）协调机制、记忆机制和医疗工具利用能力，并以Llama-3.1-8B/70B作为基础模型。实验结果表明，RareAgents在罕见病诊断和治疗方面优于最先进的领域专用模型、GPT-4o以及现有智能体框架。此外，我们贡献了一个新的罕见病数据集MIMIC-IV-Ext-Rare，以促进该领域的进一步研究。
英文摘要：
Rare diseases, despite their low individual incidence, collectively impact around 300 million people worldwide due to the vast number of diseases. The involvement of multiple organs and systems, and the shortage of specialized doctors with relevant experience, make diagnosing and treating rare diseases more challenging than common diseases. Recently, agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable applications across various domains. In the medical field, some agent methods have outperformed direct prompts in question-answering tasks from medical examinations. However, current agent frameworks are not well-adapted to real-world clinical scenarios, especially those involving the complex demands of rare diseases. To bridge this gap, we introduce RareAgents, the first LLM-driven multi-disciplinary team decision-support tool designed specifically for the complex clinical context of rare diseases. RareAgents integrates advanced Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) coordination, memory mechanisms, and medical tools utilization, leveraging Llama-3.1-8B/70B as the base model. Experimental results show that RareAgents outperforms state-of-the-art domain-specific models, GPT-4o, and current agent frameworks in diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases. Furthermore, we contribute a novel rare disease dataset, MIMIC-IV-Ext-Rare, to facilitate further research in this field.
