基于扰动观测器滑模控制的空间惯性传感器电荷管理系统
Charge management system based on disturbance observer sliding mode control for space inertial sensors
AI总结：
针对空间惯性传感器电荷管理系统受参数不确定性和未知扰动影响精度不足的问题，提出基于扰动观测器的滑模控制方法，可实现0.1 mV的控制精度，鲁棒性优于传统方法。
摘要：
高精度空间惯性传感器是地球大地测量任务、引力波观测以及空间基础物理实验必不可少的设备。在这类任务中，自由下落的测试质量（TM）易受寄生静电力和力矩的影响，其中杂散电场与测试质量电荷之间的相互作用是重要的影响来源，这些效应会在噪声预算中占据相当大的比例。因此，电荷管理系统（CMS）在高精度天基任务中至关重要。然而，空间电荷控制的工作环境充满不确定性和扰动，测试质量的电荷跟踪精度会受到外部充电速率、量子产率、紫外光功率等诸多物理参数的负面影响。这些参数很少被测量，且会因太阳活动变化、温度波动、电子元件老化等因素发生变化。这些参数的不可预测性和可变性会影响电荷管理系统在长期空间任务中的性能，必须对其进行评估或消除。本文基于惯性传感器的几何结构，提出了一种简单的、基于物理原理的高充/放电速率放电过程模型。随后，针对存在参数不确定性和未知扰动的电荷管理系统，提出了一种扰动观测器滑模控制（DOSMC）方法，用于将测试质量电荷维持在特定水平以下并提升系统鲁棒性。仿真结果表明，扰动观测器滑模控制能够迫使系统轨迹与滑模线重合，且该特性与系统参数或扰动无关。通过这种方式，扰动观测器滑模控制可有效忽略参数摄动和外部扰动，其控制精度可达0.1 mV，优于经典比例-积分-微分控制器和传统滑模控制方法。
英文摘要：
Precision space inertial sensors are imperative for Earth geodesy missions, gravitational wave observations, and fundamental physics experiments in space. In these missions, free-falling test masses(TMs) are susceptible to parasitic electrostatic forces and torques, with significant contributions from the interaction between stray electric fields and TM charge. These effects can make up a sizable fraction of the noise budget. Thus, a charge management system(CMS) is essential in high-precise space-based missions. However, the operating environment for space charge control is full of uncertainties and disturbances. TM charge tracking precision is negatively affected by many physical parameters such as external charging rate, quantum yield, UV light power, etc. Those parameters are rarely measured and supposed to vary because of changes in solar activity, temperature, aging of electronic components and so on. The unpredictability and variability of these parameters affects the CMS performance in long-term space missions and must be evaluated or eliminated. This paper presents a simple physics-based model of the discharging process with high charging/discharging rate based on the geometry of inertial sensors. After that, a disturbance observer sliding mode control (DOSMC) is proposed for the CMS with parametric uncertainties and unknown disturbance to maintain the TM charge below a certain level and improve its robustness. The simulation results show that the DOSMC is able to force the system trajectory coincides with the sliding line, which depends neither on the parameters or disturbances. In this way, the DOSMC can effectively ignore the parameter perturbation and external disturbances. The control precision can reach 0.1 mV, which is superior to that of a classic proportional-integral-derivative controller and conventional sliding mode control.
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