MUSEQuBES：通过吸收线与发射线双重分析揭示 z≈3.6 处的宇宙网纤维
MUSEQuBES: Unveiling Cosmic Web Filaments at $z\approx3.6$ through Dual Absorption and Emission Line Analysis
AI总结：
研究利用类星体吸收线与 VLT/MUSE 的 Lyα 发射观测，在 z≈3.577 处识别低金属 pLLS、LAE 过密度及巨型发射星云，首次以双重示踪证据揭示与普通星系相连的宇宙网纤维。
摘要：
根据现代宇宙学模型，星系嵌于宇宙纤维之中，这些纤维持续输送原始气体，为恒星形成提供燃料并推动星系演化。然而，由于密度很低，直接探测宇宙纤维中的弥散气体仍然困难。在此，我们报告在类星体视线 Q1317--0507 上、z≈3.577 处发现一个极贫金属（[X/H]≈-3.7）、低密度（log₁₀ n_H/cm⁻³≈-4，对应过密度约为5）的部分莱曼极限系统（pLLS），用于探测宇宙纤维。此外，在相近红移处还探测到另外两个低金属丰度（[M/H]≲-2）吸收系统，其中之一也是 pLLS。VLT/MUSE 观测揭示，与这些吸收体相关的 Lyα 发射体（LAEs）存在显著过密度。LAEs 的空间分布强烈表明存在潜在的纤维状结构。一个大型 Lyα 发射星云的探测进一步支持了这一点：其表面亮度≥10⁻¹⁹ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ arcsec⁻²，沿 LAEs 延伸的最大投影线尺度约为260 pkpc。这是首次探测到追踪宇宙纤维的巨型 Lyα 发射，它与普通星系相连，并可能由原位复合供能。
英文摘要：
According to modern cosmological models, galaxies are embedded within cosmic filaments, which supply a continuous flow of pristine gas, fueling star formation and driving their evolution. However, due to their low density, the direct detection of diffuse gas in cosmic filaments remains elusive. Here, we report the discovery of an extremely metal-poor ($[ X/H] \approx -3.7$), low-density ($\log_{10} n_{\rm H}/{\rm cm^{-3}} \approx -4$, corresponding to an overdensity of $\approx 5$) partial Lyman limit system (pLLS) at $z\approx3.577$ along the quasar sightline Q1317--0507, probing cosmic filaments. Additionally, two other low-metallicity (\met$\lesssim -2$) absorption systems are detected at similar redshifts, one of which is also a pLLS. VLT/MUSE observations reveal a significant overdensity of \lya\ emitters (LAEs) associated with these absorbers. The spatial distribution of the LAEs strongly suggests the presence of an underlying filamentary structure. This is further supported by the detection of a large \lya\ emitting nebula with a surface brightness of $\geq 10^{-19}~\rm erg~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}~arcsec^{-2}$, with a maximum projected linear size of $\approx 260$~pkpc extending along the LAEs. This is the first detection of giant \lya\ emission tracing cosmic filaments, linked to normal galaxies and likely powered by in-situ recombination.
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