洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的地基地月空间监视演示
Ground-based Cislunar Space Surveillance Demonstrations at Los Alamos National Laboratory
AI总结：
本文利用36厘米F2.2望远镜和CMOS成像器开展Artemis Orion与CAPSTONE地月目标观测，并结合LunaTK反射率建模验证光电监视能力。
摘要：
地月空间内的目标监视颇具挑战，主要原因在于距离遥远（为地球同步轨道半径的10倍）以及需要覆盖的空间总体积巨大。地基光电观测还进一步受到月光散射造成的高背景水平制约。本文报道了针对地月空间目标的地基空间监视演示，这些演示利用了配备当代背照式全帧CMOS成像器的36厘米、F2.2级望远镜的卓越性能。演示借助Artemis Orion飞行器返回地球期间的有利观测条件，以及2022年11月8日月全食期间观测CAPSTONE飞行器的条件。据估计，CAPSTONE和Artemis Orion在距离分别为4.4e5公里和3.2e5公里时，飞行器的g波段星等分别为19.57和15.53。除观测外，我们还介绍了在LunaTK空间感知仿真框架中实现的反射率特征建模，并将计算得到的视星等与观测结果进行比较。文中回顾了RApid Telescopes for Optical Response（RAPTOR）仪器的设计、Artemis Orion和CAPSTONE任务的观测活动，以及与光电建模的初步比较。
英文摘要：
Surveillance of objects in the cislunar domain is challenging due primarily to the large distances (10x the Geosynchronous orbit radius) and total volume of space to be covered. Ground-based electro-optical observations are further hindered by high background levels due to scattered moonlight. In this paper, we report on ground-based demonstrations of space surveillance for targets in the cislunar domain exploiting the remarkable performance of 36cm, F2.2 class telescopes equipped with current generation, back-side illuminated, full-frame CMOS imager. The demonstrations leverage advantageous viewing conditions for the Artemis Orion vehicle during its return to earth, and the total lunar eclipse of November 8th 2022 for viewing the CAPSTONE vehicle. Estimated g-band magnitudes for vehicles were 19.57 at a range of 4.4e5 km and 15.53 at a range of 3.2e5 km for CAPSTONE and Artemis Orion, respectively. In addition to observations, we present reflectance signature modeling implemented in the LunaTK space-sensing simulation framework and compare calculated apparent magnitudes to observed. Design of RApid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) instruments, observing campaigns of Artemis Orion and CAPSTONE missions, and initial comparisons to electro-optical modeling are reviewed.
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