浅海环境下基于波导不变量的距离估计的新型统计模型
A New Statistical Model for Waveguide Invariant-Based Range Estimation in Shallow Water
AI总结：
针对水下缺乏普适定位系统的问题，提出基于波导不变量理论、利用单水听器接收的船舶噪声的浅海测距方法，通过构建高信噪比场景下的似然函数提升性能，经SBCEX17实验数据验证有效。
摘要：
水下环境中的导航与声源定位因缺乏普适定位系统而面临挑战。被动声学测距为获取水下位置信息提供了一种重要手段。我们提出一种基于波导不变量（waveguide invariant，WI）理论的距离估计方法，将水听器记录的船舶噪声作为声源。WI是一个标量参数，用于描述声波模式在浅海等波导中传播时相互作用在频谱图上形成的干涉图案。WI理论支持使用单个接收器进行测距，无需掌握详细的环境信息。本文中，我们将航行中的大型船舶辐射的、包含宽带分量与纯音分量的水声信号，用于距离无关浅海环境下的基于WI的测距。具体而言，我们通过引入适用于高信噪比场景的统计模型，构建了用于基于WI的距离估计的似然函数，其中假设宽带分量在背景噪声中占主导地位。我们利用2017年海底特征实验（Seabed Characterization Experiment 2017，SBCEX17）期间记录的一艘航行集装箱船的真实声学测量数据，验证了所提距离估计方法的有效性。
英文摘要：
Navigation and source localization in the undersea environment are challenged by the absence of a ubiquitous positioning system. Passive acoustic ranging offers a valuable means of obtaining location information underwater. We present a range estimation method based on waveguide invariant (WI) theory, using ship noise recorded by a hydrophone as an acoustic source. The WI is a scalar parameter that describes the interference patterns in spectrograms caused by the interaction of acoustic wave modes propagating in a waveguide, such as shallow water. WI theory enables ranging using a single receiver without detailed knowledge of the environment. In this paper, underwater acoustic signals radiated by a moving large ship, which include broadband and tonal components, are employed for WI-based ranging in a range-independent shallow water environment. In particular, we develop a likelihood function for WI-based range estimation by introducing a statistical model for high signal-to-noise ratio scenarios. Here, the broadband component is assumed to dominate the background noise. The effectiveness of the proposed range estimation method is demonstrated using real acoustic measurements of a moving container ship recorded during the Seabed Characterization Experiment 2017 (SBCEX17).
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