动态超表面天线中的互耦：既是敌人，也是朋友
Mutual Coupling in Dynamic Metasurface Antennas: Foe, but also Friend
AI总结：
针对动态超表面天线（DMAs）互耦导致辐射方向图非线性依赖配置的问题，本文基于物理模型揭示其可增强辐射方向图控制灵敏度，提升合成保真度，为6G应用提供新思路并指出未来研究方向。
摘要：
动态超表面天线（DMAs）是一种表面刻有可重构超材料单元（超原子）的天线，可将波导或腔体中的波耦合到自由空间，是实现低成本、低功耗6G无线基站和接入点的极具前景的技术。DMAs超原子之间的互耦导致辐射方向图对DMA配置产生非线性依赖，显著增加了建模和优化的复杂性。因此，互耦迄今为止被视为一个令人困扰的细节，在理论研究中常被忽略，在实验原型中则被刻意抑制。本文展示了互耦被忽视的特性：它能增强对DMA辐射方向图的控制。基于符合物理规律的DMA模型，我们证明辐射方向图对DMA配置的灵敏度显著依赖于互耦强度。我们进一步证实，强互耦下的增强灵敏度如何转化为辐射方向图合成中的更高保真度，这有利于从动态波束成形到端到端优化传感和成像等应用。我们的见解表明，DMA设计应从根本上重新思考，以利用互耦的优势。我们还讨论了随之而来的未来研究方向，即基于紧凑的符合物理规律的模型对DMAs进行节俭表征。
英文摘要：
Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs), surfaces patterned with reconfigurable metamaterial elements (meta-atoms) that couple waves from waveguides or cavities to free space, are a promising technology to realize 6G wireless base stations and access points with low cost and power consumption. Mutual coupling between the DMA's meta-atoms results in a non-linear dependence of the radiation pattern on the DMA configuration, significantly complicating modeling and optimization. Therefore, mutual coupling has to date been considered a vexing nuance that is frequently neglected in theoretical studies and deliberately mitigated in experimental prototypes. Here, we demonstrate the overlooked property of mutual coupling to boost the control over the DMA's radiation pattern. Based on a physics-compliant DMA model, we demonstrate that the radiation pattern's sensitivity to the DMA configuration significantly depends on the mutual coupling strength. We further evidence how the enhanced sensitivity under strong mutual coupling translates into a higher fidelity in radiation pattern synthesis, benefiting applications ranging from dynamic beamforming to end-to-end optimized sensing and imaging. Our insights suggest that DMA design should be fundamentally rethought to embrace the benefits of mutual coupling. We also discuss ensuing future research directions related to the frugal characterization of DMAs based on compact physics-compliant models.
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