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arXiv 2411.08613cond-mat.softphysics.flu-dyn
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非极性流体中悬浮胶体颗粒的电流体动力学流动

Electrohydrodynamic flow about a colloidal particle suspended in a non-polar fluid

Zhanwen Wang, Michael J. Miksis, Petia M. Vlahovska

AI总结:

本文分析非极性流体中电荷中性球形颗粒在均匀外电场中的电流体动力学流动,发现其流动模式随颗粒电导率变化,且电极附近颗粒受非平凡力,该力衰减更慢可主导介电泳吸引力,为胶体操控提供新可能。

摘要:

非线性动电现象(其中电驱动流体流动与施加电压呈非线性关系)在胶体颗粒的水悬浮液中很常见。一个典型例子是感应电荷电渗,由作用于极化表面附近感应的扩散电荷的电场驱动。非线性电流体动力学流动也会在非极性流体中发生,由作用于电导率梯度诱导的空间电荷的电场驱动。本文分析了电荷中性球形固体颗粒在均匀外电场中的流动,该流动源于电导率对局部场强的依赖性。流动模式随颗粒电导率变化:导电颗粒周围的流动具有与感应电荷电渗类似的四极模式但方向相反,而绝缘颗粒周围的流动结构更复杂。研究发现,这种流动会在电极附近的颗粒上诱导出一个力,该力随颗粒电导率呈非平凡变化:完全绝缘颗粒和电导率高于悬浮介质的颗粒受到排斥力,但存在一个颗粒电导率范围使力为吸引力。该力随到电极距离的平方反比衰减,因此可主导由镜像偶极子引起的介电泳吸引力(后者随距离四次方衰减)。这种电流体动力学升力为电场驱动的胶体操控和组装开辟了新可能。

英文摘要:

Nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena, where electrically driven fluid flows depend nonlinearly on the applied voltage, are commonly encountered in aqueous suspensions of colloidal particles. A prime example is the induced-charge electro-osmosis, driven by an electric field acting on diffuse charge induced near a polarizable surface. Nonlinear electrohydrodynamic flows also occur in non-polar fluids, driven by the electric field acting on space charge induced by conductivity gradients. Here, we analyze the flows about a charge-neutral spherical solid particle in an applied uniform electric field that arise from conductivity dependence on local field intensity. The flow pattern varies with particle conductivity: while the flow about a conducting particle has a quadrupolar pattern similar to induced-charge electro-osmosis albeit with opposite direction, the flow about an insulating particle has a more complex structure. We find that this flow induces a force on a particle near an electrode that varies non-trivially with particle conductivity: while it is repulsive for perfectly insulating particle and particles more conductive than the suspending medium, there exists a range of particle conductivities where the force is attractive. The force decays as inverse square of the distance to the electrode and thus can dominate the dielectrophoretic attraction due to the image dipole, which falls off with the fourth power with the distance. This electrohydrodynamic lift opens new possibilities for colloidal manipulation and driven assembly by electric fields.

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