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arXiv 2411.06352cs.LG
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用于增强联邦学习的客户端贡献归一化

Client Contribution Normalization for Enhanced Federated Learning

Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur(印度焦特布尔理工学院);Teradata India Private Limited(Teradata印度私人有限公司)

Mayank Kumar Kundalwal, Anurag Saraswat, Ishan Mishra, Deepak Mishra

AI总结:

本文针对联邦学习中非独立同分布数据导致的统计异构性问题,提出利用本地模型的均值潜在表示对客户端贡献进行归一化的方法,显著提升了全局模型在多种FL方案下的准确性与一致性。

摘要:

移动设备(包括智能手机和笔记本电脑)产生去中心化和异构的数据,由于巨大的通信成本和隐私风险,给传统的集中式机器学习模型带来了重大挑战。联邦学习(Federated Learning, FL)通过在去中心化设备上实现全局模型的协作训练而无需共享数据,提供了一种有前景的替代方案。然而,由于客户端之间的统计异构性,FL面临挑战,其中非独立同分布(non-IID)数据阻碍了模型收敛和性能。本文关注FL中依赖数据的异构性,并提出了一种利用从本地训练模型中提取的均值潜在表示的新方法。所提出的方法基于这些表示对客户端贡献进行归一化,允许中央服务器在聚合过程中估计并调整异构性。这种归一化增强了全局模型的泛化能力,并减轻了传统联邦平均方法的局限性。主要贡献包括:引入一种使用均值潜在表示的归一化方案来处理FL中的统计异构性,展示与现有FL算法的无缝集成以改善non-IID设置下的性能,并通过在多样化数据集上的广泛实验验证该方法。结果显示,在倾斜分布下,模型准确性和一致性有显著改善。我们对六种FL方案的实验:FedAvg、FedProx、FedBABU、FedNova、SCAFFOLD和SGDM,突出了我们方法的鲁棒性。本研究通过为统计异构性提供实用且计算高效的解决方案,推进了FL的发展,有助于开发更可靠和泛化的机器学习模型。

英文摘要:

Mobile devices, including smartphones and laptops, generate decentralized and heterogeneous data, presenting significant challenges for traditional centralized machine learning models due to substantial communication costs and privacy risks. Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising alternative by enabling collaborative training of a global model across decentralized devices without data sharing. However, FL faces challenges due to statistical heterogeneity among clients, where non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data impedes model convergence and performance. This paper focuses on data-dependent heterogeneity in FL and proposes a novel approach leveraging mean latent representations extracted from locally trained models. The proposed method normalizes client contributions based on these representations, allowing the central server to estimate and adjust for heterogeneity during aggregation. This normalization enhances the global model's generalization and mitigates the limitations of conventional federated averaging methods. The main contributions include introducing a normalization scheme using mean latent representations to handle statistical heterogeneity in FL, demonstrating the seamless integration with existing FL algorithms to improve performance in non-IID settings, and validating the approach through extensive experiments on diverse datasets. Results show significant improvements in model accuracy and consistency across skewed distributions. Our experiments with six FL schemes: FedAvg, FedProx, FedBABU, FedNova, SCAFFOLD, and SGDM highlight the robustness of our approach. This research advances FL by providing a practical and computationally efficient solution for statistical heterogeneity, contributing to the development of more reliable and generalized machine learning models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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