FQsun：一种用于高能效量子模拟的、基于波函数的可配置量子仿真器
FQsun: A Configurable Wave Function-Based Quantum Emulator for Power-Efficient Quantum Simulations
AI总结：
针对软件量子模拟器功耗高、硬件仿真器灵活性与保真度评估不足的问题，本文提出基于 FPGA 的可配置波函数量子仿真器 FQsun，并以低功耗实现高保真与更优速度能效。
摘要：
量子计算机有望成为解决复杂问题的强大计算机，但由于成本高昂，使用真实量子硬件的机会仍然有限。尽管 Qiskit、ProjectQ 和 Qsun 等 CPU/GPU 上的软件模拟器具备灵活性并支持许多量子比特，但它们面临高功耗和处理速度有限的困难，尤其是在量子比特数量扩展时。因此，在 FPGA 和模拟电路等专用硬件上实现的量子仿真器，为解决能效问题提供了一条有前景的路径。然而，现有关于基于硬件的仿真器的研究仍面临灵活性有限以及缺乏保真度评估的挑战。为克服这些不足，我们提出 FQsun，这是一种通过整合四项关键创新来提升性能的量子仿真器：高效的存储组织、可配置的 Quantum Gate Unit（QGU，量子门单元）、优化的调度以及多种数值精度。五个具有不同数值精度的 FQsun 版本在 Xilinx ZCU102 上实现，最大功耗为 2.41W。实验结果表明其具有高保真度、低均方误差和高归一化门速度，尤其是 32 位版本，确立了 FQsun 作为精确量子仿真器的能力。在著名量子算法上的基准测试显示，FQsun 实现了更优的功耗-延迟乘积，并在处理速度范围内优于 CPU 上的软件模拟器。
英文摘要：
Quantum computers are promising powerful computers for solving complex problems, but access to real quantum hardware remains limited due to high costs. Although the software simulators on CPUs/GPUs such as Qiskit, ProjectQ, and Qsun offer flexibility and support for many qubits, they struggle with high power consumption and limited processing speed, especially as qubit counts scale. Accordingly, quantum emulators implemented on dedicated hardware, such as FPGAs and analog circuits, offer a promising path for addressing energy efficiency concerns. However, existing studies on hardware-based emulators still face challenges in terms of limited flexibility and lack of fidelity evaluation. To overcome these gaps, we propose FQsun, a quantum emulator that enhances performance by integrating four key innovations: efficient memory organization, a configurable Quantum Gate Unit (QGU), optimized scheduling, and multiple number precisions. Five FQsun versions with different number precisions are implemented on the Xilinx ZCU102, consuming a maximum power of 2.41W. Experimental results demonstrate high fidelity, low mean square error, and high normalized gate speed, particularly with 32-bit versions, establishing FQsun's capability as a precise quantum emulator. Benchmarking on famous quantum algorithms reveals that FQsun achieves a superior power-delay product, outperforming software simulators on CPUs in the processing speed range.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
