熔融RNA发夹并非温度越高解链越快
Hotter isn't faster for a melting RNA hairpin
AI总结:
本文通过粗粒化模拟发现RNA发夹解链时间随温度非单调变化,在熔点以上存在最快解链温度,并揭示单向与双向解链两种路径及其标度律,阐明螺旋结构在非平衡变性动力学中的关键作用。
摘要:
我们通过粗粒化RNA发夹模型的大规模分子动力学模拟,研究了核酸的变性动力学。与阿伦尼乌斯定律明显矛盾的是,我们的研究结果表明,对于长度超过几个持续长度的分子,RNA发夹的变性时间是温度的非单调函数,在熔点$T_m$以上存在一个最佳温度,在该温度下变性发生最快。这种异常源于两种不同路径的存在:“单向”解链,从一端向另一端推进,在$T_m$附近占优势;以及“双向”变性,在较高温度下,竞争性的解链事件从两端同时启动。这两种机制在熔融时间与长度$L$的关系上表现出不同的标度律,并由交叉温度$T_\times$分隔,满足$(T_\times-T_m) \sim L^{-1}$。这些结果凸显了螺旋结构在RNA/DNA变性的非平衡动力学中的重要作用,并揭示了这个数十年老问题中的多个意外发现。
英文摘要:
We investigate the denaturation dynamics of nucleic acids through extensive molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained RNA hairpin model. In apparent contradiction with Arrhenius' law, our findings reveal that the denaturation time of RNA hairpins is a non-monotonous function of temperature for molecules longer than few persistence lengths, with an optimal temperature above the melting point, $T_m$, at which denaturation occurs fastest. This anomaly arises from the existence of two distinct pathways: ``unidirectional'' unzipping, progressing from one end to the other and favored near $T_m$, and ``bidirectional'' denaturation, where competing unzipping events initiate from both ends at higher temperatures. The two regimes manifest distinct scaling laws for the melting time \textit{vs.} length, $L$, and are separated by a crossover temperature $T_\times$, with $(T_\times-T_m) \sim L^{-1}$. The results highlight the significant role of the helical structure in the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of RNA/DNA denaturation and unveil multiple surprises in a decades-old problem.
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