基于预训练大语言模型的机器学习方法在自由对话中实现可解释的认知衰退检测
Explainable cognitive decline detection in free dialogues with a Machine Learning approach based on pre-trained Large Language Models
AI总结：
本研究利用大语言模型从自由对话中提取特征，结合机器学习模型检测认知衰退，并通过可解释性提升诊断效率，实现低成本、非侵入性的早期筛查。
摘要：
认知和神经功能障碍非常普遍，但只有一小部分受影响个体得到诊断和治疗，部分原因是频繁筛查相关的高成本。通过有效且高效的智能系统检测疾病前期阶段并分析神经疾病的进展，有助于及时诊断和早期干预。我们提出使用大语言模型从自由对话中提取特征以检测认知衰退。这些特征包括高层次、与内容无关的推理特征（如理解力、意识减退、注意力分散增加和记忆问题）。我们的解决方案包括：（i）预处理，（ii）通过自然语言处理技术和提示工程进行特征工程，（iii）特征分析与选择以优化性能，以及（iv）分类，并辅以自动可解释性。我们还探索如何利用我们模型中的最佳特征来提升ChatGPT直接预测认知损伤的能力。评估指标证实了将特征提取与ChatGPT及专门机器学习模型相结合的混合方法在检测老年人自由形式对话中认知衰退的有效性。最终，我们的工作可能促进开发一种廉价、非侵入性且快速的检测和解释认知衰退的手段。
英文摘要：
Cognitive and neurological impairments are very common, but only a small proportion of affected individuals are diagnosed and treated, partly because of the high costs associated with frequent screening. Detecting pre-illness stages and analyzing the progression of neurological disorders through effective and efficient intelligent systems can be beneficial for timely diagnosis and early intervention. We propose using Large Language Models to extract features from free dialogues to detect cognitive decline. These features comprise high-level reasoning content-independent features (such as comprehension, decreased awareness, increased distraction, and memory problems). Our solution comprises (i) preprocessing, (ii) feature engineering via Natural Language Processing techniques and prompt engineering, (iii) feature analysis and selection to optimize performance, and (iv) classification, supported by automatic explainability. We also explore how to improve Chatgpt's direct cognitive impairment prediction capabilities using the best features in our models. Evaluation metrics obtained endorse the effectiveness of a mixed approach combining feature extraction with Chatgpt and a specialized Machine Learning model to detect cognitive decline within free-form conversational dialogues with older adults. Ultimately, our work may facilitate the development of an inexpensive, non-invasive, and rapid means of detecting and explaining cognitive decline.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
