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arXiv 2411.00366astro-ph.HE
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利用 Pierre Auger 与 Telescope Array 数据在 $\oldsymbol{f(R)}$ 和 $\oldsymbol{f(Q)}$ 引力理论中建模宇宙线通量

Modelling Cosmic Rays Flux with Pierre Auger and Telescope Array Data in $\boldsymbol{f(R)}$ and $\boldsymbol{f(Q)}$ Theories of Gravity

Swaraj Pratim Sarmah, Umananda Dev Goswami

AI总结:

该研究在 $f(R)$ 与 $f(Q)$ 引力理论中模拟磁场和红移对宇宙线传播及通量的影响,并通过 PAO、TA 数据拟合发现 $f(Q)$ 模型增强最高、约化卡方最低。

摘要:

我们研究了在修正引力理论(MTG)和替代引力理论(ATG)框架内,磁场与红移对银河系及河外宇宙线(CRs)传播的影响。为此,我们考虑了 $f(R)$ 引力和 $f(Q)$ 引力理论。我们利用这两种 MTG 和 ATG 理论,将宇宙线的密度增强因子计算为磁场和红移的函数。在本研究中,磁场强度取 $1-100$ nG,红移取 $0-2.5$。对于这些参数中的每一个,我们都在所考虑范围内取 $100$ 个分箱进行计算。本研究还考虑了直至 Fe 的重核混合成分的增强参数。此外,我们针对不同宇宙学模型,计算了相隔距离为 $d_\ ext{s}$ 的 $150$ 个源的 $E^3$ 放大扩散通量。为了与 Pierre Auger Observatory(PAO)和 Telescope Array(TA)的观测数据进行拟合,我们对由红移 $z$、$150$ 个源之间的间隔距离 $d_\ ext{s}$ 以及最大截断能量 $E_{\ ext{max}}$ 组成的一组参数进行了参数化。对于每种情形,我们还给出残差图和 $χ^2$ 值,以检验拟合优度。我们在每种情形下都将所考虑的模型与 $Λ$CDM 模型一起进行了比较分析。所考虑的 MTG 和 ATG 模型产生了显著且引人关注的结果:在拟合 PAO 和 TA 的 UHECRs 通量数据时,$f(Q)$ 模型表现出最高的宇宙线密度增强和最低的约化卡方值。本研究为高能物理、天体物理与宇宙学之间的联系提供了新的视角。

英文摘要:

We investigate the effects of the magnetic field and the redshift on the propagation of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays (CRs) in a modified theory of gravity (MTG) and an alternative theory of gravity (ATG) framework. For this purpose, we consider the $f(R)$ gravity and the $f(Q)$ gravity theories. We utilise these two MTG and ATG to compute the density enhancement factor of CRs as a function of the magnetic field and the redshift. For this work, we take the magnetic field strength from $1-100$ nG, while $0-2.5$ for the redshift. For each of these parameters, we take $100$ bins within their considered range for the computation. The enhancement parameter for the mixed composition of heavy nuclei up to Fe is also taken into account for this work. Further, we compute the $E^3$ magnified diffusive flux for $150$ sources separated by a distance $d_\text{s}$ for the different cosmological models. For the fitting with observational data from the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) and Telescope Array (TA), we parameterized some set that consists of the redshift $z$, the separation distances $d_\text{s}$ between the $150$ sources, and the maximum cutoff energy $E_{\text{max}}$. For each case, a residue plot and $χ^2$ value are also added to check the goodness of fitting. A comparative analysis of considered models has been performed in each of the cases along with the $Λ$CDM model. The considered MTG and ATG models produce notable and fascinating outcomes, with the $f(Q)$ model showing the highest CR density enhancement and the lowest reduced chi-squared value when fitted to PAO and TA data of UHECRs flux. This research provides new perspectives on the connections between high-energy physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.

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